Anatomy Basics

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Anatomy Basics
Ex 1-3
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Anatomic Position

• Frame of Reference
• anatomic position
• standing, feet together
• arms slightly away from body
• palms out

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Anatomic Position

• Specific names are more precise
• superior/inferior
• above or below
• same as caudad/cepalad
• medial/lateral
• toward or away from midline
• proximal/distal
• closer or further away

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Anatomic Position

• Specific names are more precise
• anterior/posterior
• front and back
• same as ventral/dorsal
• superficial/deep
• close to body surface/deep to body surface
• skin is superficial to muscle

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Anatomic Position

• Planes
• frontal plane
• divides the body into anterior and posterior
  parts
• transverse plane
• cross section dividing the body into superior and
  inferior parts
• sagittal plane
• divides the body into right and left parts
• midsagittal plane
• runs exactly through the middle

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Anatomic Position
MRI practice
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Body Cavities

• Hollow areas that contain and protect organs
• Dorsal Cavity
• contain brain and spinal cord
• Ventral Cavity
• thoracic cavity
• abdominopelvic cavity

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Body Cavities

• Serous Membranes
• body cavities covered with a thin, double layered
  membrane
• wraps around cavity surface and around organs
• cavity serosaparietal layer
• organ serosavisceral layer
• secretes a thin fluid that reduces friction of
  moving body parts

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Body Cavities

• Serous Membranes
• have different names depending on cavity
• Thoracic Cavity (3 divisions)
• Pleural Cavity
• between lungs and chest wall
• lined with pleura
• Pericardial Cavity
• surrounds heart
• lined with pericardium
• Mediastinum
• cavity that contains heart, trachea, esophagus,
  aorta, etc
• lined with parts of pleura and pericardium

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Body Cavities

• Serous Membranes
• have different names depending on cavity
• Abdominal Cavity
• area between the abdominal organs and the
  abdominal wall
• lined with peritoneum

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Abdominal Quadrants

• Abdomen divided into 4 equal areas
• Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
• gallbladder/liver
• Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
• stomach and spleen
• Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
• appendix
• Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
• diverticulitis

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Abdominal Regions

• Abdomen divided into 9 equal areas
• Medically the midline regions are most
  significant
• Epigastric Region
• stomach
• Umbilical Region
• area of referred pain
• Hypogastric Region
• bladder infection