PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

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PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

• The Muscular System

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Learning outcomes

• Today you will learn about
• The different types of muscle.
• The structure of muscles.
• The location of major muscles.
• Types of muscle fibres.
• How muscles work in pairs.

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3 Types of muscle
TYPES OF MUSCLE
Involuntary Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Voluntary Muscle
Found within your organs e.g. in your intestines
Found only in the heart
Found in muscles that allow us to move
Where are they found?
Where is it found?
Where can we find an example of each of these
types of muscles? What characteristics makes them
different?
Where is it found?
Not under our conscious control we dont decide
when to move them
Under conscious control you can decide when to
move them
Never stops working
Characteristic ?
Characteristic ?
Characteristic ?
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Structure of Muscles 1

• Muscles are made of bundles of fibres which are
  enclosed in connective tissues.

Tendons attach the muscle to a bone. The fibres
are strong and elastic.
TASK - Add labels to your diagram
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Structure of Muscles 2
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MUSCLE LOCATIONS
TASK - Label the diagram
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How Muscles Work 1

• Voluntary muscles produce movement by contracting
  and relaxing.
• They get shorter when they contract and longer
  when they relax.
• Where tendons attach to the bones is called
  origins and insertions.
• Homework Task
• Find out what is the difference between a muscle
  origin and insertion?

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How Muscles Work 2
Muscles can only create movement in one
direction.
Muscles can only pull a bone into a new
position, they cannot push it back.
This means that at every joint there must be 2
muscles to allow movement
Muscles work in pairs
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How Muscles Work 3

• When one muscle contracts (works) the opposing
  muscle relaxes this is known has antagonistic
  pairs.
• The muscle that contracts to produce the movement
  is known has the prime mover.
• Other muscle will assist the prime mover by
  contracting at the same time and these are called
  synergists.

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How Muscles Work 4
In Pairs
The elbow
BICEPS Contracting muscle becomes short and fat
The BICEPS is now relaxing and becoming long and
thin
TRICEPS Relaxing muscle becomes long and thin
The TRICEPS is now the contracting muscle
becoming short and fat
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How Muscles Work 5
A Group
The elbow
ORIGIN tendon
Synergist PECTORALS Supporting helpers
BICEPS Contracting muscle
Agonist
INSERTION tendon
TRICEPS Relaxing muscle
Antagonist
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TASKMuscles Work in Pairs
How Muscles Work 6
Can you think of another pair of muscles and an
exercise where they are used?
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Muscle Fibres 1
There are two basic types of muscle fibre.
2 Types
Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres
Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres
Tend to favour endurance Activities (aerobic)
Tend to favour power and strength
activities (anaerobic)
Copy the diagram into your book.
Muscle fibre percentages are genetically
determined and vary between people.
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Muscle Fibres 2

• Qs. How can improved muscle function improve
  performance?

Qs. What could we suggest about different
peoples muscle fibre types and the activity they
perform?
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Latissimus dorsi
Swimmer pulling through the water
Gluteals
Sprinting / jumping
Jump to head a ball
Quadriceps
Take off for long / high jump
Gastrocnemius
Abdominals
Somersault in trampolining
Triceps
Putting the shot
Breaststroke swimming
Pectorals
Hamstrings
Tuck jump gymnastics
Ball toss when serving in tennis
Deltoids
Hockey player reaching forward to intercept a ball
Trapezius
Preparation of a set shot in bball
Biceps
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HOMEWORK

• Complete tasks set in class and task sheet 4
  muscles and activity.