Beyond Cells and Bells

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Beyond Cells and Bells

• New Paradigms for American Schools
• Paul C. Hutton, AIA, Hutton Architecture Studio
• Denver, Colorado, U.S.
• www.huttonarch.com

Aspen Middle School
Stargate Charter School Hutton Architecture Studio
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Cells and Bells History

• One Cell

DEER CREEK SCHOOL 1870s Jefferson County,
Colorado, U.S.
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Cells and Bells History

• Lots of Cells

EAST HIGH SCHOOL 1924 Denver, Colorado, U.S.
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Beyond Cells and Bells

• Paradigm The entire constellation of beliefs,
  values, techniques and so on shared by the
  members of a given community. Thomas S. Kuhn
• Paradigm Shifts Reasons
• Choice 18th in industrialized world
• Sustainability 425 kWH/M2/YR Average
• Energy Use
  Intensity

Hutton Architecture Studio
5
Choice The Numbers

• Type Enrollment of Total
• Public 45,099,000 87
• (tuition free, tax supported)
• Parochial 3,580,000 7
• (tuition based, religious affiliated)
• Private 1,682,000 3
• (tuition based, independent)
• Charter 1,250,000 2.4
• (tuition free, parent led, tax supported)

Hutton Architecture Studio
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Choice The Numbers
Arizona is the state with the largest charter
population at 9. New Orleans is the city with
the highest charter enrollment at 47. Charter
population is growing fastest up 500 in 8
years.
Stargate Academy Hutton Architecture Studio
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Choice Facility Size

• In the U.S., charter schools typically build
  smaller, due to different funding mechanisms.
  National average school 13.2 M2/student.
• Average charter school 10.18 M2/student (23
  smaller).

Stargate Charter School Hutton Architecture Studio
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Choice Facility Cost

• In the U.S., charter schools typically build
  cheaper, due to different funding mechanisms.
  National average cost 163/s.f. 1,754/M2.
• Average charter cost 141/s.f. 1,517/M2.

DATA Charter School Hutton Architecture Studio
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Choice Impact on Public Sector

• Despite spending 33 less per student on
  buildings, Charters pressure public districts to
  offer more options, leading to magnet and
  specialty schools.

Joliet Education Center Cherry Creek Public
Schools
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Choice Innovative Plans

• Charter schools have the freedom to explore
  innovative plan ideas. They are unrestricted by
  existing educational and technical
  specifications. A few charters have approached
  facility design very open-mindedly.

Denver School of Science and Technology Klipp
Architecture
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Choice Innovative Plans

• Charter schools are generally results-oriented.
  They may embrace the Cells and Bells design
  approach of the past, or they may create
  innovative buildings.

Denver School of Science and Technology Klipp
Architecture
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Choice Transportation

• Schools are no longer the anchors of their local
  communities. Rather, they are branded to
  establish a unique identity and image. Students
  and their parents travel longer distances to
  schools of choice.

Cherry Creek Ranch I-Team Hutton Architecture
Studio
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Enhanced Learning

• Sustainable schools are better for students and
  teachers. We can demonstrate the link between
  sustainable building and improved education.
  Daylight alone can improve student attendance and
  teacher retention.

Century Elementary School 1985 Aurora, CO, U.S.
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Enhanced Learning

• Sustainable schools are better for students and
  teachers. We can demonstrate the link between
  sustainable building and improved education.
  Daylight alone can improve test scores up to 20.

Dawson Lower School 1997 Hutton Architecture
Studio
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Utility Rates

• Utility Rate Comparison U.S. - U.K.

Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Utility Costs

• Facility administrators need to balance budgets
  now and into the future. Concern over rapidly
  escalating utility costs drives the desire for
  more sustainable schools.
• Douglas Co. Elem.
• 46 kBTU/SF/YR 145
  kWH/M2/YR
• Lowest in CO.
• 13 kBTU/SF/YR
• 41 kWH/M2/YR

DCS Prototype RBB/HF Architects
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Energy Reduction Strategies

• Super-insulation
• Daylighting
• Elec. light controls
• Ice storage
• Displacement ventilation

DCS Prototype RBB/HF Architects
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Energy Reduction Strategies

• Ground source heating/cooling
• Active Daylighting
• Solarwall Preheating
• Energy recovery

Summit Middle School Hutton Architecture Studio
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Renewable Energy Technology

• Photovoltaic panels
• Solar domestic hot water
• Wind turbines

AMERICAN ACADEMY Hutton Architecture Studio
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Case Study

• Educators have the need and desire to be examples
  for their students and communities. Schools are
  often the most sustainable buildings in their
  towns.

Aspen Middle School Hutton Architecture Studio
with Studio B
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Case Study
Aspen, CO the Greenest resort in
the World LEED Gold submitted
Aspen Middle School Hutton Architecture Studio
with Studio B
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Case Study
New school building avoided 890,000 pounds
GHG/yr, compared to similar size code compliant
building. PV will be used to reach 1,000,000
pounds GHG/yr reduction.
Aspen Middle School Hutton Architecture Studio
with Studio B
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Teaching

• Real time building energy use can be made
  available to students and staff with a
  user-friendly graphical interface.

Twenhofel Middle School, KY Invensys Vital
Signs
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Sustainability Daylighting

• Daylighting has emerged in the U.S. as the
  cornerstone strategy for sustainable school
  buildings. It both saves energy and improves
  learning.

DCS Prototype RBB/HF Architects
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Conclusion Choice

• Schools of choice will become an ever larger
  portion of the facility mix, leading to more
  innovation in plan and economy of construction.
  Charters may reach 10 of the total school
  population, resulting in nearly 20 of students
  in schools of choice.

Kent Denver School Hutton Architecture Studio
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Conclusion Sustainability

• Sustainability and utility costs are becoming
  dominant concerns, leading to renewed emphasis on
  regionally suited design solutions. The push to
  zero net energy, and even positive energy, school
  buildings will accelerate.

Aspen Middle School Hutton Architecture Studio
with Studio B
Hutton Architecture Studio
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Conclusion Buildings that Teach

• School buildings will increasingly become part of
  the curriculum. All school buildings will
  themselves be teachers.

Science/Technology Center Hutton Architecture
Studio
Hutton Architecture Studio