Getting to California

1
Getting to California
Ch 20 Sec 2 Early Battles (Europe)

• Allied Strategy Although Stalin wanted the U.S.
  and England to attack Germany on the Western
  Front, Churchill and Roosevelt wanted to attack
  on the periphery (edges) of Germanys strength
  and focused on North Africa.
• Erwin Rommel German general (The Desert Fox)
  who enjoyed great success in Africa controlling
  the Suez Canal
• Invasion of North Africa American troops led by
  Generals Dwight Eisenhower and George Patton
  joined British forces to attack the Germans and
  after early failures forced the Germans to
  surrender within one year.
• Battle of the Atlantic German submarines
  continue to attack cargo ships head to the
  Atlantic but American industries were able to
  produce more ships then the Germans could sink
• Stalingrad turning point of the war in Europe.
  Germany attempts a land invasion of the Soviet
  Union that is turned back at Stalingrad. 91,000
  German troops surrendered but only 5,000 of them
  returned home after the war.

2
Intro 3
Chapter Objectives
Section 2 The Early Battles

• Analyze how the Allies were able to fight a war
  on two fronts and turn the war against the Axis
  in the Pacific, Russia, and North Atlantic.

• Explain why Stalingrad is considered a major
  turning point of World War II.

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3
Section 2-1
Guide to Reading
Main Idea
By late 1942, the Allies had stopped the German
and Japanese advance. ?
Key Terms and Names

• Chester Nimitz ?

• periphery ?
• George Patton ?
• convoy system

• Douglas MacArthur ?
• James Doolittle ?

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4
Section 2-11
Turning Back the German Army

• The leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin,
  urged Roosevelt to open a second front in Europe.

(pages 621623)
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5
Section 2-11
Turning Back the German Army

• Although Roosevelt wanted his troops to enter
  into battle in Europe, Prime Minister Churchill
  wanted to be more cautious and attack the
  periphery, or edges, of Germany.

(pages 621623)
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Section 2-11
Turning Back the German Army

• In July 1942, Roosevelt ordered the invasion of
  Morocco and AlgeriaFrench territories indirectly
  under Germany control.

(pages 621623)
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Section 2-12
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)

• On November 8, 1942, the American invasion of
  North Africa began under the command of General
  Dwight D. Eisenhower.

(pages 621623)
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Section 2-12
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)

• General George Patton led the American forces in
  Morocco and captured the city of Casablanca.

(pages 621623)
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9
Section 2-13
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)

• At the Battle of Kasserine Pass, Americans faced
  the German army for the first time.

• Outmaneuvered and outfought, Americans suffered
  huge losses.

• The general in charge was fired and Patton was
  put in command.

(pages 621623)
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10
Section 2-13
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)

• The Allied forces pushed the Germans back in the
  Battle of El Alamein.

• The Nazis lost despite having one of their
  greatest Generals in charge Erwin Rommel (The
  Desert Fox)
• On May 13, 1943, German forces in North Africa
  surrendered.

(pages 621623)
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Section 2-14
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)

• After Germany declared war on the United States,
  German submarines began sinking American cargo
  ships along the American East Coast.

(pages 621623)
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Section 2-14
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)

• The situation greatly improved when the U.S. Navy
  set up a convoy system, in which cargo ships
  traveled in groups and were escorted by navy
  warships.

(pages 621623)
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Section 2-15
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)

• The German submarine campaign continued into the
  spring of 1942.

• From July on, American shipyards produced more
  ships than German submarines could sink.

(pages 621623)
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Section 2-16
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)

• Hitler wanted to defeat the Soviets by destroying
  their economy.

• So he ordered his army to capture oil fields,
  industries, and farmlands vital to the Soviet
  economy.
• The Germans tried to capture Stalingrad, but the
  Soviets held their ground.

(pages 621623)
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Section 2-17
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)

• The Germans were surrounded and surrendered.

(pages 621623)
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Section 2-17
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
(pages 621623)
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Section 2-17
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)

• The Battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in
  the war because it put the Germans on the
  defensive.

(pages 621623)
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18
Summary and Study Guide 1
19
End of Section 2