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Intro to Communism

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Title: Intro to Communism


1
Intro to Communism
2
Terms Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, MarxMarxs View
on Capitalism
  • Communism was a theory by Karl Marx as a way to
    organize society fairly.
  • Marx saw that capitalism creates classes in
    society.
  • Bourgeoisie are the owners
  • Proletariat are the workers
  • These two classes will continually be in
    conflict.

3
Marxs View on Capitalism
  • Bourgeoisie own all the capital (factories, tools
    etc)
  • They also get all the profits.
  • They can reinvest the profits in the company or
    remove it and pay themselves.

4
Marxs View on Capitalism
  • Proletariat These are the workers and get paid
    a wage.
  • They get no share in Company profits.
  • At the mercy of the Bourgeoisies.
  • The goal of the Bourgeoisie is to reduce the
    costs of production and pay as little as
    possible.

5
Term Dictatorship of the Proletariat
  • A dictatorship of the proletariat will be
    created to organize the country.
  • They will ensure that the gains of the revolt is
    secured from the capitalist.
  • Most Communist regimes have only achieved this.

6
PersonVladimir Lenin
  • Lenin was leader of the Communist Bolshevik
    party.
  • Aided by Germany because he wanted Russia to get
    out of the war.
  • Party increased from 26000 to 2 million
  • Created a military group called the red Guards

7
November 1917
  • Lenin and the Bolsheviks seize power in a
    revolution.
  • Lenin gives all land to the peasants
  • Factories are given to the workers who elect a
    committee to run them.

8
Term Dictatorship of the Proletariat
  • Lenin sets up a Dictatorship of the Proletariat
  • Kills all political opponents including the tsar
  • Education increased
  • Religion banned in schools, priests prosecuted
  • Labour laws include 8 hour days, health benefits,
    Holidays, pension mandatory

9
Terms Yalta Conference
10
Yalta Conference
  • The three leaders met at Yalta, Soviet Union.
  • Germany was to be defeated and disarmed.
  • Split into four zones of occupation given to the
    Allies.

11
Yalta Conference
  • Eastern European countries were to have free
    elections.
  • The USSR was to join the war against Japan.
  • United Nations set up.
  • Germany was to pay reparations, Stalin wanted a
    large fixed sum the Allies would not agree with.

12
Term Potsdam
13
Potsdam Conference
  • Occupation zones decided.
  • Nazi party banned and were to be tried as war
    criminals.
  • For reparations each power was to collect
    industrial equipment from its zone. USSR zone
    was mostly agriculture.
  • Germans living in Poland, Hungary, and
    Czechoslovakia were to return to Germany.

14
Tensions after Potsdam
  • Truman replaced Roosevelt after his death.
  • Stalin invited non communist leaders in Poland to
    the Soviet Union and imprisoned them. Communists
    replaced them in Government.
  • Truman did not tell Stalin about plans to drop
    bomb on Japan.

15
Tensions after Potsdam
  • Truman was suspicious since USSR had the largest
    army in the world.
  • USSR was developing its own atomic Bomb.
  • Truman believed Stalin was influencing Eastern
    Europe to become communists.

16
Term Truman Doctrine
  • U.S. President Harry Truman believed that is was
    the responsibility of the U.S. to prevent the
    spread of Communism in the world.
  • Change in foreign policy from isolationism which
    was practiced throughout the two world wars.

17
UN InvolvementTerm Domino Theory
  • Truman was afraid that if Korea fell to Communism
    than so would Japan and other Capitalists
    countries. (Domino Theory).
  • 16 countries supported the UN invasion of Korea
    including Canada.
  • Truman chose General Macarthur to lead the force.

18
Term 38th Parallel
  • They meet at the 38th parallel (latitude) and
    divided the country in two.

19
1st phaseTerms Macarthur, Yalu river
  • June Sept.
  • North Korea pushes the South all the way back to
    a small corner of the country called Pusan.

20
2nd phase
  • Macarthur organised a landing at Inchon.
  • Effectively surrounds N Korean troops.
  • Despite Chinas warnings they cross the 38th
    parallel.

21
3rd phase
  • US ignore China and push all the way to the Yalu
    River.
  • This borders with China.
  • Macarthur ignored Trumans orders and began to
    approach the Yalu.

22
  • China enters the war.
  • Pushes the force back past the 38th parallel.
  • Un counter Attack drives them back to the 38th
    parallel.
  • Armistice signed in 1953.

23
Rhee and Macarthur
  • Sigmund Rhee - U.S supported Leader of South
    Korea, Capitalist.
  • General Macarthur General made famous after war
    in the pacific. General in charge of the Korean
    War.

24
Cuban Missile Crisis
25
Person Fulgencio Batista
  • In 1950, Cuba was ruled by a ruthless dictator
    Fulgencio Batista.
  • He killed all opponents and used the military to
    support his rule.

26
Batista Government
  • Capitalist government.
  • Military supported by the U.S
  • He and members of his government were very rich
    while the rest of Cubans were poor.
  • Disliked Communists.

27
Batista Government
  • The capital, Havana, was treated as a playground
    for rich Americans.
  • It was controlled by American Italian Mafia
    Leader Lucky Luciano.
  • Lucky set up a cocaine operation and ran casinos.

28
Batista Government
  • Was also used to hide money from illegal
    activities in the U.S.
  • Many Americans set up factories in Cuba to take
    advantage of local resources like sugar cane and
    tobacco. Ex. Palmolive Colgate.
  • This resulted in many rich Americans and very
    poor citizens of Cuba

29
Cuban RevolutionPerson Fidel Castro
  • Fidel Castro was a lawyer and was appalled at the
    corruption for the Batista government.
  • Received support through educating the poor on
    the corruption of the government.
  • He joined forces with Che Guevara and organised
    an army which overthrew the Batista government.

30
Castro Regime
  • Castros first business was to execute all the
    corrupt government officials that abused the
    poor.
  • Then he nationalised all the foreign American
    assets.
  • Wealth was to be invested in Cuba.
  • With this money he set up free health care.

31
Term Bay of Pigs Invasion
  • Cuba has fell to Communism and Castro is allied
    with the USSR because of the trade embargo.
  • Kennedy could not have a communist ally 50 miles
    off the coast of Florida.
  • Many people who did not agree with Castro and
    Communism fled the country and became exiles.

32
Bay of Pigs 1961
  • Kennedy decided to get the CIA to train the
    exiles and plan an invasion of Cuba.
  • Exiles taking country back sounds a lot better
    than a US invasion.
  • The invasion was a great failure and Castro
    captured and jailed many of the exiles.

33
Results of Bay of Pigs 1961
  • Because of this Castro felt threatened and allied
    closure with the USSR.
  • He needed them for protection.
  • Allowed Russia to install military bases.
  • Russia began shipping weapons into Cuba.

34
Khrushchev and Gulag
  • Khrushchev Leader of the Soviet Union during the
    Cuban Missile Crisis.
  • Policy of Destalinisation throughout Russia and
    told of the Gulag Prisons.
  • Gulag Prisons and Labour camps Stalin created
    to deal with anyone who opposed him.

35
Détente, Hotline, MAD
  • Détente Time of peace or settling of tension
    during a conflict.
  • Hotline direct line of communication which was
    set up after the Cuban Missile crisis between the
    USSR and the USA.
  • MAD Mutually Assured Destruction Theory which
    states that if one country attacks with a Nuclear
    weapon then the other would counter, this would
    continue until both countries are destroyed.

36
Short Answer 1. Marshall Plan
  • Truman believed Communism grew in countries in
    poverty.
  • Many governments were struggling to rebuild after
    the war.
  • They realised that if they built up Europe now,
    they could have a trading partner for life and
    keep it from falling to communism.
  • Created by General George Marshall

37
Marshall Plan
  • The USA offered money, equipment and goods to
    states willing to work together to create
    recovery.
  • Included cash machinery, food and technology.
  • In return, they would agree to buy American goods
    and allow American to invest capital in their in
    their industries.

38
Results
  • 16 nations set up the Organisation for European
    Economic Cooperation.
  • In 1953 US gave 17 billion
  • Increased tensions and divide between East and
    West.
  • Stalin prevented Soviet countries from engaging
    in the plan.

39
Results
  • Stalin accused the USA of using the plan for
    their own selfish interests
  • Plan to dominate Europe and help the American
    Economy.

40
Short Answer Question2. Berlin Blockade 1948-49
41
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42
Berlin BlockadePolitical Divisions
  • After Potsdam Berlin was divided between West
    (allied controlled and East USSR controlled.
  • West was capitalist democracy and East was
    Socialist.

43
Berlin Blockade Reconstruction Differences
  • Allies wanted to rebuild Germany to be a strong
    country.
  • Wouldnt fall to Communism
  • Create a trading partner
  • Act as a shield against the spread of communism
    in Europe

44
Berlin Blockade Reconstruction Differences
  • USSR wanted a weak Germany that would be
    incapable of an attack.
  • USSR refused to let their zone trade with the
    Western allied zone (West Berlin)

45
Berlin BlockadeConflict
  • Since Berlin was in Soviet zone, they controlled
    all access to city.
  • Believed the Allies had no business in Berlin
    since it was in the Soviet zone.
  • U.S put up a military base.
  • Capitalist way of life was on show as the U.S
    tried to make their zone better.

46
Berlin Blockade
  • In protest, Stalin decided to restrict access to
    Berlin by the Allies.
  • Hoped to get the allies to pull out of Berlin by
    starving the people.
  • Abandon plans to develop Germany
  • Eventually the people would turn to him and
    switch to Communism and create one city.

47
Berlin BlockadeWestern Options
  • Ignore and drive through Blockade.
  • Advantages 1)Show the Russians the U.S could not
    be blackmailed.
  • 2)They were the only ones with an A bomb.
  • Disadvantages 1)High risk of War
  • 2)Russian forces outnumbered U.S forces in Europe.

48
Berlin BlockadeOption 2 Pull Out of Berlin
  • Advantages
  • 1) Avoid any risk of War
  • Disadvantages
  • 1)Loss of prestige (positive reputation) for the
    Western powers.
  • 2) No one trust the Americans in the future to
    stand against Communism.

49
Berlin Blockade Option 3 Supply West Berlin by
Air
  • Advantages
  • 1)Less risk of War than option 1
  • Disadvantages
  • 1) Risky Operation 4000 tons of supplies required
    daily.
  • 2) Costly to supply by two million people by air.

50
Short Answer 3. and Terms Socialism v. Capitalism
  • Usually 1 party state
  • Industry and agriculture owned by the state.
    People encouraged to work for the common good.
  • Classless society with no profit making
  • Elections and more than one political party.
  • Most industry and agriculture owned by
    individuals.
  • They employ workers and keep all profits made.
  • Profits create classes of people.

51
Terms Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, MarxMarxs View
on Capitalism
  • Communism was a theory by Karl Marx as a way to
    organize society fairly.
  • Marx saw that capitalism creates classes in
    society.
  • Bourgeoisie are the owners
  • Proletariat are the workers
  • These two classes will continually be in
    conflict.

52
Marxs View on Capitalism
  • Bourgeoisie own all the capital (factories, tools
    etc)
  • They also get all the profits.
  • They can reinvest the profits in the company or
    remove it and pay themselves.

53
Marxs View on Capitalism
  • Proletariat These are the workers and get paid
    a wage.
  • They get no share in Company profits.
  • At the mercy of the Bourgeoisies.
  • The goal of the Bourgeoisie is to reduce the
    costs of production and pay as little as
    possible.

54
1st stage of CommunismRevolt
  • Eventually working class (proletariat) will
    revolt and overthrow the owners (bourgeoisie).
  • They will take over ownership of the means of
    production (factories, land etc.)
  • This will dissolve all classes and equality will
    be achieved.

55
Term Dictatorship of the Proletariat
  • A dictatorship of the proletariat will be
    created to organize the country.
  • They will ensure that the gains of the revolt is
    secured from the capitalist.
  • Most Communist regimes have only achieved this.

56
Question 4. Kennedys OptionsOption 1 Do Nothing
  • He could do nothing and ignore the missiles.
  • This would have been political suicide and if the
    Russians had seen this as weakness on his part,
    they could have taken advantage of it.
  • Lose public support and be seen as a weak
    president.

57
Option 2 Invasion
  • He could order a full scale military invasion of
    Cuba.
  • This would escalate the problem as there were
    22000 Soviet troops there.
  • Heavy casualties would look bad on the
    presidency.
  • Did not know where all the sites were or if any
    were operational and would be fired before they
    were captured.

58
Option 3 - Air Strike
  • He could order an air strike against the missile
    bases only.
  • The problem again would be Russian casualties.
  • Air Force was not sure it could deliver pin-point
    bombing raids on what were relatively small
    targets.

59
Option 4 - Diplomacy
  • He could call on the Russians to remove the
    missiles explaining the damage their presence was
    doing to Russian/American relations.
  • However, the Russians were highly unlikely to
    listen to a polite request especially as they
    even refused to recognise the existence of the
    missiles at the United Nations emergency meeting
    on the matter.

60
Option 5 - Blockade
  • He could put a naval blockade around the island -
    quarantine it - and not allow any more Russian
    ships to enter Cuba.
  • This would still leave missiles on Cuba but the
    negotiations would continue in the background
    while publically Kennedy would be seen to be
    doing something specific.

61
Cuban Missile Crisis
62
Short Answer Question 5. Lenin to Stalin
  • Lenin dies from multiple strokes in 1924
  • Stalin opposed the New Economic Policy of Lenin
    as it was not Socialism.
  • A new class of rich landowners formed called
    Kulaks

63
Collectivisation
  • Stalin felt he needed to modernise and
    industrialise.
  • In order for industrialisation to occur there
    needs to be modernised farming techniques.
  • Greater yield from less work would allow farmers
    to leave land and go work in factories.
  • Modernisation meant using tractors and machines
    on large farms

64
Collectivisation
  • Stalin took control of small farms controlled by
    one family and merged them into large plots of
    land that supported many families.
  • The government then gave them tractors and seeds.

65
IndustrialisationStalins Aims
  • Security threatened from Western Nations,
    needed to modernise the Military
  • Prove Communism was right
  • Control Stalin needed to control his country so
    revolutions did not occur
  • Agriculture Needed to be able manufacture
    tractors and farm equipment

66
Term 5 Year PlansFirst plan 1928-32
  • Increase armaments (military) by mining iron,
    coal and producing steel.
  • Take over all private business
  • 1929 Stalin ordered it to be completed in 4
    years.

67
5 year Plan2nd Plan 1933 - 37
  • Concentrated on consumer goods and housing
    projects.
  • Had to be abandoned because of suspicion around
    Hitler
  • Went back to producing weapons.

68
5 Year Plan 3rd Plan
  • Focused on luxury goods such as bicycles, and
    radios that were in other industrialised
    countries.
  • Also abandoned when Hitler invaded

69
Results of 5 Year Plan
  • Output Soviet Union made huge advances to make
    it the worlds second largest industrial Power
  • New industrial centres and towns were built from
    scratch in the centre of the Union, protected
    from invasion
  • See handout

70
  • Power and transport projects were completed
    including huge hydroelectric dams
  • Urban Population increased by 29 million.

71
Stalins Dictatorship
  • Stalin used propaganda to create a cult of
    Stalin
  • He had statues and places named after him.
    (Stalingrad)
  • People had to clap when his name was mentioned in
    meetings

72
Culture and Censorship
  • Stalin reviewed every film and book written to
    make sure it promoted the country.
  • Stories had to celebrate the common working
    people and the successes of Communism
  • Anyone in violation would be sent to Labour camps
    or Gulags

73
Education
  • Children were taught that Stalin was the Great
    Leader
  • Students were taught Stalins version of History
  • Religion was banned and leaders imprisoned
  • Stalin was the only one to be worshipped.

74
Secret Police and Labour Camps
  • Stalin created and expanded his secret police
    force to search out anyone in opposition to his
    government.
  • Guilty people were sentenced to death, exile or
    hard labour.
  • Labour camps called Gulags were set up for
    prisoners.
  • Millions of people were sent to do forced labour.

75
Purges
  • Stalin was always fearful of losing power.
  • Used terror in the form of Purges to get rid of
    any opposition.
  • This also helped with labour in mines

76
Purges 1930-40
  • Managers and workers that did not meet the five
    year plans or talked bad about them
  • Kulaks that opposed collectivisation
  • 1934 Opposition party members
  • 1935 senior communists that may support Other
    leaders (Trotsky)

77
Purges
  • Ordinary citizens if someone suspected a
    neighbour of not supporting the government they
    could be arrested.
  • Children were encouraged to tell on their
    parents.
  • People tortured to confession
  • 1 million people in Moscow killed

78
Purges and Results
  • 1937 the Red Army Most senior officers and
    officials were killed or sent to Gulags.
  • Left the army unprepared against Hitlers
    invasion.
  • Executed 1 million
  • Died in Camps 2 million
  • In prison 1 million
  • Gulags 8 million
  • These are figures form one year.

79
Results Continued
  • Most of the advantages of Communism was
    nullified after this.
  • Expert scientists, administrators and Engineers
    were usually sent to Gulags or killed.
  • People would tell on each other for self
    interest.
  • Stalin even killed members of his own family.

80
Korean War
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