Human Anatomy

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Human Anatomy

• The Lymphatic System

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Function(s)

• Production, maintenance and distribution of
  lymphocytes
• Maintain normal blood volume

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1. Lymphocytes

• White blood cell
• Confer immunity against
• Bacteria and viruses
• Cancer cells
• Foreign proteins
• i.e., toxins

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2. Maintain Blood Volume
Interstitial fluid
Lymph
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Components

• Lymph ducts
• Lymph nodes comprised of lymphocytes
• Lymph nodes will become enlarged when reacting in
  an immune response
• Infection
• Allergenic reaction

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Lymphatic System
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Lymph Returned to Blood

• Lymph is drained into venous system at junction
  of internal jugular and subclavian on RL sides

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Thoracic Duct
Thoracic duct is the largest lymph duct in the
body. It drains into junction of Left internal
jugular and left subclavian veins.
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Whole Body Lymph Drainage Pattern
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Breast Cancer

• Primary cause of death in women between 35 45
  yo.
• Risk factors
• Family history
• Pregnancy after 30 yo.
• Early menarche (1st menstrual period)
• Late menopause (last menstrual period)

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Lymph Node Analysis

• Lymph drains first to the axillary nodes
• If cancer cells are not detected in axillary
  nodes (spread), 5-year survival is 82.
• If 4 or more axillary lymph nodes contain cancer
  cells, survival rate drops to 21
• Successful treatment begins in early detection
  when the tumor is very small.