DNA Extraction

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DNA Extraction

• http//www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/genetics/biot
  ech/manip/conc.html

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Definition

• DNA Extraction is the isolation and purification
  of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
• http//academy.d20.co.edu/kadets/
• lundberg/images/dna.gif

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Examples

• DNA extraction is used to isolate
• Mitochondrial DNA
• Genomic DNA
• DNA can be extracted from
• Cells or tissues
• Environmental samples

http//www.davidkfaux.org/shetlandislandsmtDNA.htm
l
http//faculty.uca.edu/benw/biol1400/pictures/
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Non-examples

• DNA Extraction is not used to
• Isolate proteins or RNA
• Give information about gene expression

http//iwrwww1.fzk.de/biostruct/
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Downstream Applications

• After DNA is extracted, it is used as a template
  in further molecular techniques such as
• PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
• RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)
• Southern Blotting

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DNA Analysis

• Downstream techniques can
• Reveal how organisms are related
• Identify cryptic species
• Locate mutations in DNA

http//www.biocompare.com/itemdetails.asp?itemid6
87320
http//www.cdc.gov/hemochromatosis/training/images
/dna.jpg
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Quick Quiz

• What is the purpose of DNA extraction?
• a. To learn how to safely work with chemicals
• b. To quantify the amount of DNA per cell
• c. To determine how organisms are related
• d. To purify DNA from cells

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Qiagen DNA Extraction
Tissue Lysis. Detergents lyse membranes.
Proteinase K breaks down proteins.
Sample loading onto column. Nucleic acids bind
to membrane and other components flow through.
Column washing. Removes any contaminants.
Elution of DNA. DNA is released from column and
ready for use in downstream applications.
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Quick Quiz

• The purpose of the column is to
• a. Separate DNA from RNA
• b. Separate DNA molecules from cellular debris
• c. Remove bacterial contaminants
• d. Help suspend DNA in elution buffer

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• END

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Resources

• DNA Extraction Handout
• DNEasy Tissue Kit Handbook
• http//www1.qiagen.com/literature/protocols/
  DNeasyTissue.aspx

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California State Chemistry Standards

• Grade 8
• 6c. Living organisms have many different kinds
  of molecules
• Grades 9-12
• 6. Solutions are homogenous mixtures of two or
  more substances
• 7. Energy is exchanged or transformed in all
  chemical reactions and physical changes of matter
• 8. Chemical reaction rates depend on factors that
  influence the frequency of collision of reactant
  molecules

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California State Biology Standards

• Grade 7
• 2e. DNA is the genetic material of living
  organisms and is located in the chromosomes of
  each cell
• 3a. Genetic variation and environmental factors
  are causes of evolution and diversity of
  organisms
• Grades 9-12
• 2. Mutation and sexual reproduction lead to
  genetic variation in a population
• 7. The frequency of an allele in a gene pool of
  a population depends on many factors and may be
  stable or unstable over time

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California State Investigation and
ExperimentationStandards

• Grades 7, 9-12
• a/b. Select and use appropriate tools and
  technology to perform tests, collect data,
  analyze relationships, and display data
• Grade 8
• a. Plan and conduct a scientific investigation
  to test a hypothesis

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National Standards

• Grades 6-12
• Content Standard A Science as Inquiry
•  
• Content Standard C Life Science
• Content Standard E Science and Technology