Teaching Styles

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Teaching Styles

• Michele B. Lundy M.D.
• University of Arizona
• Faculty Development
• March 5, 2009

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Teaching Styles/Goal

• The goal of the teaching styles seminar is to
  help clinical teachers become more discriminating
  observers of their own teacher-learner interaction

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Teaching Styles/Learning Objectives

• Define the four teaching styles assertive,
  suggestive, collaborative and facilitative
• Identify the teaching style(s) appropriate to a
  given learning situation/context
• Articulate strengths and weaknesses of the four
  teaching styles in different learning situations
  

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Educational Theory

• The educational context/process
• Pedagogy vs. Andragogy

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• Pedagogue
• a slave who took children to and from
  school
• Andragogy
• man-leading

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Pedagogy/AndragogyConcept of the Learner

• DEPENDENT

• SELF-DIRECTED

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Pedagogy/AndragogyFocus of Learning

• FOUNDATION

• APPLICATION

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Pedagogy/AndragogyLearning Orientation

• KNOWLEDGE FOR LATER

• COMPETENCY TODAY

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Pedagogy/AndragogyRole of the Teacher

• DIRECTOR
• EXPERT

• FACILITATOR
• RESOURCE

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Learner Perspective

• What factors motivate?
• Relationship between motivation and learning?

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Factors that Motivate the Adult Learner

• Responsibility
• Collaboration
• Risk of failure
• Respect for the teacher

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Responsibility

• S/He afforded me the opportunity for hands-on
  experiences
• S/He went out of the way to let me practice areas
  of the physical exam where I felt weak
• I felt challenged by the direct experience with
  patients

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Collaboration

• I learned most by thinking through clinical
  situations with my preceptor
• S/He appreciated my thoughts and input

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Risk of Failure

• S/He encouraged me to ask questions
• Criticisms were constructive rather than
  destructive

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Respect for the teacher

• Nonjudgmental
• Competency
• Enthusiasm

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Relationship Between Motivation and Learning in
Adults

• Unmotivated
• Passive
• Imitate
• Undirected
• Withdraw
• Minimal requirements

• Motivated
• Active
• Create
• Self directed
• Participate
• Perform optimally

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Role of the Teacher
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Principles of Teaching Adults(help the learner)

• Discover new possibilities
• Clarify own needs and aspirations
• Diagnose the gap between aspirations and the
  present level of performance
• Find the necessary resources to learn
• Determine if the goals are achieved

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Effective Teachers

• Organize an educational experience
• Interact purposefully with learners
• Motive learners

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Teaching Styles
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Teaching Styles

• Assertive
• Suggestive
• Collaborative
• Facilitative

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Characteristics of Teaching Styles

• Teacher Centered Learner Centered

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Assertive Style

• Emphasis on the preceptors knowledge
• Preceptor defines direction and provides the
  information

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Assertive Style

• Gives directions
• Asks direct questions
• Gives information
• Asks self-answering questions

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Assertive Style

• Provide a drug dosage
• Direct learner to hold the scope correctly

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Suggestive Style

• Information changes to opinion
• Alternatives are presented

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Suggestive Style

• Offers opinion
• Suggests alternatives (with questions)
• Relates personal experiences (as a model for
  student)
• Summarizes

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Suggestive Style

• Offer alternatives for disease management
• Suggest the learner read about treatment

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Collaborative Style

• Socratic
• Mirrors problem-solving

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Collaborative Style

• Elicits/accepts student ideas
• Explores student ideas
• Relates personal experience (as a means of
  empathizing with the student)

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Collaborative Style

• Invite the learner to share case
• Explore how the diagnosis was made

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Facilitative Style

• Content shift to the affective domain
• Promote self-understanding and discovery

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Facilitative Style

• Elicits/accepts student feelings
• Offers feelings
• Encourages
• Uses silence

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Facilitative Style

• Elicit feelings about sensitive issues
• Elicit concern about others

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Assumptions about Teaching Styles

• Value free
• No one uses one style all the time
• Each of us has a preferred/dominant style need
  to be more flexible
• Learning situation influences use of teaching
  style
• time/learning style/objectives

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Self Assessment Tool
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Teaching Methods and Learning Styles
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Teaching Methods and Learning Styles

• Divergers Facilitator/Motivator
• Discussion methods
• Journal keeping
• Brainstorming
• Group activities
• Role plays
• Debates
• Reflective papers

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Teaching Methods and Learning Styles

• Assimilators Theoretical/Basic Scientist
• Lecture methods
• Abstract Problem-solving
• Theoretical analysis
• Analysis of content
• Conceptual papers

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Teaching Methods and Learning Styles

• Convergers Applied Scientist
• Laboratory methods
• Practical problems to solve in class
• Demonstrations
• Practical exercises

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Teaching Methods and Learning Styles

• Accommodators Practitioner
• Self discovery methods
• Practicum
• Independent study
• Clinical experience
• Interviewing

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Teaching Styles

• Help clinical teachers become more discriminating
  observers of their own teacher-learner
  interaction

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Teaching StylesWhat to remember

• Less assertive/more facilitative
• Conscious of my teaching style in a learning
  situation
• Use alternative teaching styles
• Decrease lecturing
• You dont have to be assertive to be in control
  of a teaching situation

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Teaching and Learning

• Im not a teacher only a fellow traveler of
  whom you asked the way.
• I pointed ahead----ahead of myself as well as
  you.
• George Bernard
  Shaw

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• Thank you!