John Newlands 1863

1
John Newlands (1863)

• Law of octaves properties repeat every 7
  elements

2
John Newlands (1863)
3
John Newlands (1863)
4
Mendeleev (1869)

• Dmitri Mendeleev 1869
• Father of the Periodic Table

5
Mendeleev (1869)
6
Mendeleev (1869)

• Major Success - Left spaces where there should be
  an element
• Al Si P
• Ga ? As
• In Sn Sb

7
Mendeleev (1869)

• Eka-Silicon - below silicon
• Eka-Silicon(1871)
• 72 g/mol
• Density 5.5 g/mL
• Dark Gray Metal
• EsO2 (4.7 g/mL)

8
Mendeleev (1869)

• Eka-Silicon(1871) Germanium(1886)
• 72 g/mol 72.6 g/mol
• Density 5.5 g/mL 5.36 g/mL
• Dark Gray Metal Dark Gray Metal
• EsO2 (4.7 g/mL) GeO2 (4.7 g/mL)

9
(No Transcript)
10
Mendeleev (1869)

• Modern Table -Different than Mendeleevs
• Problem with Mendeleevs table - Arranged his
  table by atomic mass
• Modern table arranged by atomic number (Moseley)

11
(No Transcript)
12
Metals

• Properties
• a. Solids
• b. Ductile
• c. Malleable
• d. Conduct Electricity and heat
• e. Large - Tend to lose electrons

13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
Non-Metals

• Properties
• a. Gases or solids
• b. Brittle
• c. Dont conduct Electricity heat well
• d. Essential for Life
• CHONSP
• e. Small - Tend to gain electrons

17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
Metalloids

• Properties
• a. Have properties of both metals and non-metals
• b. Semi-Conductors - Conduct electricity only
  if a larger current is applied
• c. Used in computer chips, cell phones, etc
• d. B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te

20
(No Transcript)
21
Group Names

• Period Across
• Group Down

22
Group Names
23
States

• Standard Temperature 25oC
• Solids Most Elements
• Liquids Hg and Br2
• Gases H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2
• Noble Gases

24
No Roman Ionics

• I. Binary Compounds
• A. Used for Gr 1 and Gr 2 metals (and Aluminum)
• B. Metal has only one standard charge
• C. Rules
• Write Metal First
• Non-metal becomes ide

25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
No Roman Ionics

• D. Examples
• NaCl
• BaO
• Al2O3
• magnesium bromide
• aluminum sulfide
• potassium oxide

28
No Roman Ionics

• II. Compounds with Polyatomics
• A. Polyatomic Ion - An Ion with more than one
  atom (Consider the overall charge)
• B. Examples
• Hydroxide Sulfate
• Nitrate Acetate

29
No Roman Ionics

• C. Examples
• sodium hydroxide
• sodium carbonate
• aluminum sulfate
• NaNO3
• Ca(OH)2
• (NH4)3PO4

30
No Roman Ionics

• D. Mixed Examples
• magnesium sulfide
• magnesium sulfite
• magnesium sulfate
• lithium phosphide
• lithium phosphate
• Ba(ClO3)2
• BaCl2

31
Roman Ionics

• 1. An example
• Fe(II)and oxygen
• Fe(III) and oxygen
• How do we distinguish?
• 2. Metals which have multiple oxidation states
• Transition and post-transition metals

32
Roman Ionics

• 3. The Roman Numeral tells you the charge, NOT
  how many atoms you have.
• copper(II)nitride
• copper(III)nitride

33
Roman Ionics

• 4. Examples
• iron (III)bromide
• tin(II) nitrate
• cobalt(III)oxide
• CoCl2
• MnO2
• Ru2(SO4)3
• VO3

34
Roman Ionics

• 5. Mixed Examples
• calcium bromide
• chromium (III)nitrate
• aluminum sulfate
• iron(III)carbonate
• Li2S
• CoCl2
• Ti3N2
• Mg(NO2)2

35
Molecular Naming

• 1. Prefixes
• Mono Hexa
• Di Hepta
• Tri Octa
• Tetra Nona
• Penta Deca
• May skip mono for first element

36
Molecular Naming

• 2. Examples
• P4O10
• SiO2
• diphosphorus tetroxide
• carbon tetrachloride

37

• Ban dihydrogen monoxide!!!!!!
• Its a major component of acid rain
• Contributes to soil erosion
• Accelerates the rusting of many metals
• Has been found in tumors
• Even after washing, produce remains contaminated
  by this chemical
• Gets into your house through the pipes

38

• dinitrogen tetroxide
• dichlorine decoxide
• carbon disulfide
• sulfur hexafluoride
• SeF4
• Cl2O7
• KrF4
• CH4

39
Rev. of All Naming

• calcium chloride CS2 NO3
• silicon dioxide N2O Ba(OH)2
• copper(II)carbonate NaI
• magnesium phosphate K2CO3
• dicarbon octahydride HgI2
• chromium(III)oxide FeF2
• dihydrogen monsulfide PCl5

40
Rev. of All Naming

• Calcium Chloride
• Silicon Dioxide
• Copper(II)Carbonate
• Magnesium Phosphate
• Dicarbon Octahydride
• Chromium(III)Oxide
• Dihydrogen Monoxide

41
(No Transcript)
42

• V2O5
• XeCl4
• Ca(NO3)2
• Barium nitride
• Iron(III)carbonate