Dr. Osmar R. Za

1
Web-Based Information Systems
Fall 2004
CMPUT 410 Internet and WWW

• Dr. Osmar R. Zaïane
• University of Alberta

2
Course Content

• Perl Cookies
• SGML / XML
• CORBA SOAP
• Web Services
• Search Engines
• Recommender Syst.
• Web Mining
• Security Issues
• Selected Topics

• Introduction
• Internet and WWW
• Protocols
• HTML and beyond
• Animation WWW
• CGI HTML Forms
• Javascript
• Databases WWW
• Dynamic Pages

Preliminaries
3
Objectives of Lecture 2
Internet and WWW

• Get a brief overview of the history of the
  Internet and the different tools that exist on
  the Internet
• Understand the distinction between the Internet
  and the World-Wide Web.

4
Outline of Lecture 2

• The Memex machine the dream will come true
• Hypertext linking new kinds of documents
• The Internet infallible information exchange
• The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era
• Web-based applications
• Some terminology

5
When Did It All Start?

• In 1945, Vannevar Bush wrote an article As We
  May Think describing a machine, Memex,
  containing human collective knowledge organized
  with trails linking materials of the same
  topic.
• The article revolutionized information technology
  before even the existence of modern computers.

6
Where is the memex?

• Memex is a hypothetical machine.
• The information stored ought to be accessible.
• We havent fulfilled the dream yet.
• But much has been achieved in 50 years.

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Outline of Lecture 2

• The Memex machine the dream will come true
• Hypertext linking new kinds of documents
• The Internet infallible information exchange
• The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era
• Web-based applications
• Some terminology

8
Hypertext-Hyperlink-Hypermedia

• Following Memex idea, Ted Nelson developed the
  Xanadu project which aimed at placing the entire
  worlds literary corpus on-line.
• Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext in 1965.

A document is not contiguous but is a set of
connected parts of documents. Hyperlinks are
links that connect sub-documents. Hypermedia is a
multimedia hypertext document,
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Outline of Lecture 2

• The Memex machine the dream will come true
• Hypertext linking new kinds of documents
• The Internet infallible information exchange
• The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era
• Web-based applications
• Some terminology

10
ARPAnet

• In the heart of the cold war, ARPA (Advanced
  Research Projects Agency) was created (1957). The
  purpose was to outrun the Russians in the race
  for mastering rocket launching.
• In 1969, it was decided to link sensitive
  computer centres by a network in order to
  withstand a possible nuclear attack. The idea was
  to allow centres to communicate even after a
  centre is destroyed. (Bob Taylors idea)
• It connected government labs, major research
  centres and universities.
• It existed until 1988 and was officially
  dismantled in 1990.
• Backbone Network speed 64Kbits/second
• Major achievements
• TCP/IP, Domain Name Service, e-mail (SMTP), FTP,
  Telnet...

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NSFnet

• DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects
  Agency, still exists and the military have their
  own network but the original ARPAnet was
  integrated into the current Internet.
• The National Science Foundation in the USA funded
  the NSFnet which was created in 1985.
• Backbone Network speed T1 (1.5mb/sec.) to T3
  (45mb/sec.)
• It originally connected 5 major universities with
  supercomputer centres, but rapidly included other
  universities, research centres and private
  companies.
• Replaced ARPAnet as the backbone of Internet in
  1990

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What about the Internet?

• The Internet didnt originate in the USA alone.
• Other networks existed in North America and
  Europe and other places in the world.
• BitNet, for instance, connected many research
  centres and universities.
• Bridges connected these networks to create a
  larger international network the Internet.
• Late 90s Internet2, funded by US universities,
  a sequel to NSFnet with new protocols.

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CA net
Year Speed USA equivalent
Ca net 1990 1.5 mb/s NSFnet Ca
net 2 1997 155 Mb/s Internet2 Ca
net 3 1999 2.5 Gb/s Internet2

Abilene
vBSN
projects
Canada committed 110 million for Ca net4, a10
Gb/s optical network connecting research
institutions across Canada.
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Explosive Growth
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Internet Timeline
1980
2000
1970
1995
1990
1985
1975
1969 ARPANET commissioned by DoD
1982 ARPANET transition to TCP/IP
1992 Veronica
1996 Internet phone
1998 Internet Tax Freedom Act
1994 Harvest
1974 TCP/IP
1979 USENET
1986 NSF-Net created
1990 ARPANET ceases to exist
1995 Java
1993 Mosaic
1995 VRML
1997 Wireless Internet access
1990 Archie
1988 IRC
1972 ARPANET demonstration
1985 FTP
1999 Internet2 NGI
1992 MBONE
1981 BITNET and CSNET come into being
1994 E-commerce
1986 NNTP
1991 Gopher
1998 Clever
1996 AltaVista
1971 FTP on NCP
1993 Crawlers
1999 RSVP
1983 ARPANET splits into ARPANET and MILNET
1994 Yahoo
1991 WAIS
1996 WebSQL
1973 First international connection
(UKNorway)
1993 W3C
1998 Google
1994 UCSTRI
1992 WWW in CERN
1997 WebOQL
1994 MLDB WebQL
1993 Aliweb
1991 Netfind
1 1969
3 1973
11 1989
33 1991
49 1992
59 1993
81 1994
96 1995
134 1996
171 1997
countries
Year
4 1969
62 1974
313,000 1990
1,486,000 1993
6,642,000 1995
36,739,000 1998
hosts
213 1981
1,961 1985
Year
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Outline of Lecture 2

• The Memex machine the dream will come true
• Hypertext linking new kinds of documents
• The Internet infallible information exchange
• The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era
• Web-based applications
• Some terminology

17
Advent of the World-Wide Web

• In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee developed a on-line
  hypertext-based system to help researchers at
  CERN in Switzerland share information across a
  diverse computer network.
• He came up with first versions of HTML (based on
  SGML) and the HTTP protocol.
• HTTP and HTML catapulted the Internet to new
  heights.
• The WWW revolutionized the use of the Internet
  thanks to a multimedia user friendly interface a
  web browser.
• Mosaic was developed in NCSA by students at the
  University of Illinois in 1993, among them Marc
  Andreessen who created Netscape in 1995.

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The WWW is not alone

• There are other tools on the Internet. They could
  be classified as
• Command Line. Ex FTP (1971)
• Menu-based. Ex gopher (1991)
• Search engine. Ex WAIS (1991)
• Hypermedia. Ex WWW (1991)

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Other Taxonomy of Internet Tools

• Communication services
• E-mail, newsgroups (usenet), telnet, internet
  relay chat (IRC),
• Information storage and exchange
• FTP, Gopher, Alex,
• Information Indexing
• Archie, Veronica, Wais, UCSTRI, Whois,
• Interactive Multimedia information delivery
• WWW and its indexes.

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Outline of Lecture 2

• The Memex machine the dream will come true
• Hypertext linking new kinds of documents
• The Internet infallible information exchange
• The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era
• Web-based applications
• Some terminology

21
Client-Server Architecture
The World-Wide Web is an assortment of
interconnected computers. In this context,
computers provide data to other computers.
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Client-Server Architecture
HTTP
Client
Server
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Client-Server Architecture
HTTP
DB
HTTP server
Browser
CGI Servlets (Perl and Java)
Javascript and Java
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Application / Application Communication
scenario 1
Application Identifying fields and variables
Wrapper needed
HTTP
DB
Application Parses the HTML page to extract the
needed information
HTTP server
Wrapper needed
No browser involved
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Application / Application Communication
scenario 2
XML doc
SOAP over
HTTP
Web Service
DB
Application parses XML with known DTD or schema
XML doc
HTTP server
CORBA can also be used to exchange objects
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Outline of Lecture 2

• The Memex machine the dream will come true
• Hypertext linking new kinds of documents
• The Internet infallible information exchange
• The World-Wide Web and the start of a new era
• Web-based applications
• Some terminology

27
Terms in the Glossary

• Internet group of networks connected together.
  The Internet refers to the global connection of
  networks around the world.
• LAN Local Area Network a group of computers,
  usually all in the same room or building,
  connected for the purpose of sharing files,
  exchanging email, and collaboration.
• Intranet internal company network. Internal use
  of web capabilities.
• Extranet ability to securely connecting the
  intranet with defined external networks.
• CGI Common Gateway Interface means of
  developing application for the web on the server
  side.
• Middleware a tier usually between a web
  application or a web server and a database or
  another application layer.