Chapter 4 notes Ecology

1
Chapter 4 notes Ecology

• Biotic Factors - all living and once living
• Animals
• People
• Trees
• Flowers
• Logs
• Leaves

2
Abiotic Factors - nonliving

• Air
• Water
• Rocks
• Sand
• Light
• Temperature
• Soil

3
Organisms

• Biosphere1.doc
• An individual organism is a small part of the
  whole biosphere.

• Biosphere.doc

4
Habitat

• Place where organism spends most of its time
• Its Address

5

• ecosphere where all life exists.asx
• principles of the ecosphere in action.asx
• changes to environment.asx
• ecosystem all parts of a whole.asx
• ecology.asx
• the biosphere.asx

6
A Leaf Cycle its all interconnected

• Leaf falls from tree into a stream
• Becomes a food source in a complex aquatic
  ecosystem
• 1st decomposers (bacteria fungi) colonize the
  leaf and break it down
• 2nd stream insects eat bacteria fungi on the
  leaf
• 3rd Shredders physically break it apart. (
  mayflies, caddisflies, larval beetles)

7

• 4th action of stream contributes to breaking
  down the leaf
• 5th collectors (caddisflies) catch and eat the
  small pieces
• 6th algae and river plants use dissolved
  nutrients from the leaf
• As the nutrients move through the ecosystem,
  predator insects eat insects that used the leaf
  for food, birds eat predator insects, birds
  excrete droppings that provide nutrients used by
  trees for new leaves.

8
Natural Selection

• The environment ultimately selects individuals
  with the best suited genotypes to survive to
  adulthood and to reproduce.  Those who have more
  surviving offspring pass on more of their genes
  to the next generation.
• Genotypes the type of chromosomes in every cell
  that give us our unique characteristics

9
Survival of the fittest

• The one that survives to pass on its genes
• Most adapted to its current or changing
  environment
• Spreads advantageous characteristics through a
  population
• Example Darwins finches

10
(No Transcript)
11
Adaptation

• Each Finch has a different type of beak to help
  him eat a specific type of food.
• They developed these differences over time ---
  They Evolved the traits over time.

12
Coevolution

• two species changing over time because of each
  other
• Example a long flower and a butterflys
  proboscis (its tongue has to be long enough to
  reach the nectar)

13
Artificial Selection

• People changing species to make them look a
  special way
• or serve a special function

14
Resistance

• When an organism ADAPTS and SURVIVES something
  that was made to kill it. Ex. Antibiotics
  and pesticides are supposed to kill bacteria and
  insects, but some are not killed, live to
  reproduce, and pass on their traits (evolution)

15
6 Kingdoms

• Archaebacteria single celled- no nucleus
• Eubacteria single celled no nucleus common
• Fungi cell walls - saprophytes
• Protists- live in water animal like
• Plants cell walls make own food
• Animals many cells land and water

16
Gymnosperms

• Cone bearing plants
• Pine trees

17
Angiosperms

• Flowering plants