Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana

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Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana

• Information and Issues

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Alcohol facts and fiction

• Myth
• Alcohol destroys brain cells
• Fact
• The moderate consumption of alcohol does not
  destroy brain cells. In fact it is often
  associated with improved cognitive (mental)
  functioning.
• Myth
• A "beer belly" is caused by drinking beer.
• Fact
• A "beer belly" is caused by eating too much food.
  No beer or other alcohol beverage is necessary.

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Alcohol facts and fiction

• Myth
• Drinking coffee will help a drunk person sober
  up.
• Fact
• Only time can sober up a person...not black
  coffee, cold showers, exercise, or any other
  common "cures." Alcohol leaves the body of
  virtually everyone at a constant rate of about
  .015 percent of blood alcohol content (BAC) per
  hour.
• Myth
• Alcohol stunts the growth of children and retards
  their development.
• Fact
• Scientific medical research does not support this
  old temperance scare tactic.

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History of alcohol use

• Historians have found evidence of alcohol use
  dating back as far as ________________
• Evidence of alcohol use is noted in many
  different ancient cultures from around the globe.
• Persian, Chinese, Indian, Egyptian, and others.
• The use of alcohol has been a consistent fixture
  in human society for thousands of yearsand
  remains in use in most cultures.

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What is alcohol?

• Alcohol is the name to given a variety of related
  compounds the drinkable form is
  ____________________. It is a powerful,
  addictive, central nervous system _____________
  produced by the action of yeast cells on
  carbohydrates in fruits and grains.

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Forms of alcohol

• __________ is made from fermented grains and has
  an alcohol content of three to six percent.

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Forms of alcohol

• Wine is made from fermented fruits and has an
  alcohol content of 11 to 14 percent. Some wine
  drinks, such as wine coolers, have fruit juice
  and sugar added, lowering alcohol content to
  between four and seven percent. Fortified wines,
  such as port, have alcohol added, bringing
  alcohol content to between 18 and 20 percent.

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Forms of alcohol

• _________ is made by distilling a fermented
  product to yield a drink that usually contains 40
  to 50 percent alcohol. The alcohol content in
  liquor is sometimes indicated by degrees of
  proof, which in the United States is a figure
  twice as high as the percentage. Thus, 80-proof
  liquor is 40 percent alcohol.

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alcoholism

• Alcoholism is a disabling addictive disorder. It
  is characterized by compulsive and uncontrolled
  consumption of alcohol despite its negative
  effects on the drinker's health, relationships,
  and social standing.
• Like other drug addictions, alcoholism is
  medically defined as a treatable disease. The
  term alcoholism is widely used, and was first
  coined in 1849 by Magnus Huss, but in medicine
  the term was replaced by the concepts of "alcohol
  abuse" and "alcohol dependence" in the 1980s.

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Effects of Alcohol

• When a person consumes alcohol, the drug acts on
  nerve cells deep in the brain. Alcohol initially
  serves as a stimulant, then induces feelings of
  relaxation and reduced anxiety. Consumption of
  two or three drinks in an hour can impair
  judgment, lower inhibitions, and induce mild
  euphoria.
• _______________
• Lymbic System
• Cerebellum
• Hypothalamus and Pituitary
• ________________

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Signs and Symptoms of use

• Smell of alcohol on breath
• Irritability
• Euphoria
• Loss of physical coordination
• Inappropriate or violent behavior
• Loss of balance
• Unsteady gait
• Slurred and/or incoherent speech
• __________________________
• Slowed thinking
• Depression
• Impaired short-term memory
• ____________________________

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Signs of developing problems

• Tremors
• Agitation
• Anxiety and panic attacks
• Paranoia and delusions
• Hallucinations (usually visual)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increased body temperature
• Elevated blood pressure and heart rate
• Convulsions
• Seizures

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Other Health risks

• Neurological dangers include impaired vision and
  impaired motor coordination, memory defects,
  hallucinations, blackouts, and seizures.
  Long-term consumption can result in permanent
  damage to the brain.
• _________________problems include elevated blood
  pressure and heart rate, risk of stroke and heart
  failure.
• Respiratory dangers include respiratory
  depression and failure, pneumonia, tuberculosis,
  and lung abscesses. Additionally, alcohol abuse
  increases the risk of mouth and throat cancer.
• Liver disease caused by chronic alcohol abuse,
  including alcoholic fatty liver, hepatitis, and
  ______________, kills 25,000 Americans each year.
• Other physiological dangers include damage to
  the gastrointestinal system (including duodenal
  ulcers, reflux, and diarrhea), the pancreas, and
  the kidneys. In addition, alcohol consumption may
  cause malnutrition, disrupt the absorption of
  nutrients in food, and suppress the immune
  system, thus increasing the potential for
  illness.
• Psychological dangers include impaired judgment
  and verbal ability, apathy, introversion,
  antisocial behavior, inability to concentrate,
  and deterioration of relationships with family,
  friends, and co-workers.

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tobacco facts and fiction

• Myth
• I am too old to quit
• Fact
• Older smokers are 50 more likely than any other
  age group to successfully quit smoking.
• Myth
• You can smoke your whole life and never have any
  side effects.
• Fact
• This is the exception and not the norm. Tobacco
  use accounts for 96 billion dollars in health
  care expenses nationally.

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tobacco facts and fiction

• Myth
• Chewing tobacco is safe compared to smoking
  tobacco.
• Fact
• Approximately 31,000 new cases of oral cancer
  will be diagnosed in the U.S.
• Myth
• Cigarettes have not been proven to cause cancer.
• Fact
• Nearly as common as lung cancer among smokers is
  chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which
  entails the narrowing of airways in the lung,
  largely in the form of chronic bronchitis or
  emphysema.

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History of tobacco use

•  Members of all Native American tribes
  traditionally used tobacco dating back nearly
  18,000 years. It was often consumed in religious
  practices among some tribes, this was done only
  by experienced shamans or medicine men.
• Following the arrival of the Europeans, tobacco
  became increasingly popular as a trade item. It
  was used recreationally.
• The ill effects of tobacco and nicotine became
  evident in the ________________

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What is tobacco

• Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from
  the leaves of plants in the genus _____________
• There are more than 70 species of tobacco in the
  plant genus ______________

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Forms of tobacco

• Smoking Tobacco
• Cigarettes
• Cigars
• Pipe
• Hookah
• ____________
• Kreteks
• Smokeless Tobacco
• Chewing tobacco
• Snuff

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Forms of tobacco
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Tobacco Addiction

• Most smokers use tobacco regularly because they
  are addicted to nicotine. Addiction is
  characterized by compulsive drug seeking
  behavior, even in the face of negative health
  consequences.
• It is well documented that most smokers identify
  tobacco use as harmful and express a desire to
  reduce or stop using it, and nearly 35 million of
  them want to quit each year.
• Unfortunately, more than 85 percent of those who
  try to quit on their own relapse, most within a
  week.

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Effects of Tobacco/ nicotine

• The main affect is the carbon monoxide in
  cigarette smoke binds to the hemoglobin molecules
  in your red blood cells 40x stronger than oxygen.
• So, in effect, when you smoke, it reduces the
  amount of oxygen available to the brain. This
  creates the euphoric 'high' that cigarette
  smokers experience.
• Nicotine also activates areas of the brain that
  are involved in producing feelings of pleasure
  and reward. Recently, scientists discovered that
  nicotine raises the levels of a neurotransmitter
  called dopamine in the parts of the brain that
  produce feelings of pleasure and reward.
• According to the American Heart Association,
  nicotine addiction has historically been one of
  the hardest addictions to break, while the
  pharmacological and behavioral characteristics
  that determine tobacco addiction are similar to
  those that determine addiction to drugs such
  as heroin and cocaine.

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Statistics

• The adverse health effects from cigarette smoking
  account for an estimated 443,000 deaths, or
  nearly one of every five deaths, each year in the
  United States.
• More deaths are caused each year by
  ____________use than by all deaths from human
  immunodeficiency virus (HIV), illegal drug use,
  alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides,
  and murders combined.
• An estimated 90 of all deaths from chronic
  obstructive lung disease are caused by smoking.

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Health Risks

• Coronary Heart Disease
• Stroke
• Cancer
• Acute myeloid leukemia
• Bladder cancer
• ______________________________________
• Cancer of the esophagus
• Kidney cancer
• Cancer of the larynx (voice box)
• Lung cancer
• ___________________________________
• Cancer of the pharynx (throat)
• Stomach cancer
• Cancer of the uterus

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Health Risks

• Lung Disease
• Emphysema
• Bronchitis
• Chronic airway obstruction
• Infertility
• ______________________________
• Stillbirth
• Low birth weight
• Sudden infant death syndrome
• Bone density issues

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Marijuana facts and fiction

• Myth
• Marijuana is not harmful.
• Fact
• Health effects include respiratory damage, mental
  health concerns, and cognitive functioning.
• Myth
• Marijuana is not addictive.
• Fact
• Evidence suggest that dependency issues can arise
  surrounding Marijuana use.

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History of marijuana

• Cannabis is indigenous to Central and South
  Asia. Evidence of the inhalation of cannabis
  smoke can be found at least 3000 years ago.
• Evidence suggest that religious, recreational
  and medicinal uses of cannabis existed in many
  cultures around the globe.
• Cannabis was criminalized in various countries
  beginning in the early 20th century.

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What is marijuana

• Marijuana is a green, brown, or gray mixture of
  dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers
  of the hemp plant. You may hear marijuana called
  by street names such as __________________________
  _____. There are more than 200 slang terms for
  marijuana.

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Forms of marijuana

• Unprocessed
• The terms cannabis or marijuana generally refer
  to the dried flowers and subtending leaves and
  stems of the female cannabis plant. This is the
  most widely consumed form, containing 3 to 22
  THC.  In contrast, cannabis strains used to
  produce industrial hemp contain less than 1 THC
  and are thus not valued for recreational use
• Processed
• Kief
• Kief is a powder, which can be sifted from the
  leaves and flowers of cannabis plants and
  either consumed in powder form or compressed to
  produce cakes of hashish.
• ____________
• ___________ is a concentrated resin produced from
  the flowers of the female cannabis plant. Hash
  can often be more potent than marijuana. It
  varies in color from black to golden brown
  depending upon purity.
• Hash oil
• Hash oil, is a mix of essential
  oils and resins extracted from mature cannabis
  foliage through the use of various solvents. It
  is also used in a variety of cannabis foods.
• Residue (resin)
• Because of THC's adhesive properties, a sticky
  residue, most commonly known as "resin", builds
  up inside utensils used to smoke cannabis.

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Forms of marijuana
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Delivery systems

• Joints
• Blunts
• Pipes
• Bongs
• ____________
• Food products

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Marijuana dependence

• Long-term regular users of marijuana may become
  psychologically dependent. They may have a hard
  time limiting their use, they may need more of
  the drug to get the same effect, and they may
  develop problems with their jobs and personal
  relationships. The drug can become the most
  important aspect of their lives.

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Effects of marijuana

• Distorted perception (sights, sounds, time,
  touch)
• Problems with memory and learning
• Loss of coordination
• Trouble with thinking and problem-solving
• Increased heart rate
• Mood Changes
• Euphoria
• Anxiety
• Hallucinations
• Delusions

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Effects of marijuana

• The active ingredient in marijuana, delta-9
  tetrahydrocannabinol or _________, acts on
  cannabinoid receptors on nerve cells and
  influences the activity of those cells.
• Some brain areas have many cannabinoid
  receptors, but other areas of the brain have few
  or none at all.
• Many cannabinoid receptors are found in the
  parts of the brain that influence pleasure,
  memory, thought, concentration, sensory and time
  perception, and coordinated movement.

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Health risks

• Reduced blood pressure
• Similar respiratory concerns as in tobacco use
• Lung Disease
• ___________________
• Bronchitis
• Chronic airway obstruction
• __________________________________________________
  ____________________________
• Reduced immune response
• Some negative impact on unborn children