MODERE GENETICS

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MODERE GENETICS
?????
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• ?????
• ?????
• ?????????

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????????

• 1.???,? ?,? ??? ???????
• ????? 2001?
• 2.????? ??? (?,?)
• ??????? ??? 1991
• 3.?????????? ????? 1979
• 4.?P.F.???-??? ???? ??
• ?????? ????????? 1980
• 5. ??? ??????
• ??????? 1999

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• 6.??? M. ???? ? ? ? ? ??
• ??? ? ?????????
• ????? 2000
• 7.??? ??? ?????
• ??????? 1988
• 8.??? ??? ??? ?????
• ??? ??????? 1997
• 9.??? ?? ?????
• ??????? 1997
• 10. ??????????
• ???????1994

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• 11. ??? ??? ?? (?,?)
• ????? 1986 1987
• 12. ??????????,
• ?????, 2000?
• 13.?D.?????? ?????
• ?????(?,?)????? 1991
• 14.??? ?????(?,?)
• ????? 1985
• 15. ??? ??? ?????
• ??? ??????? 1989

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• 16. ???????????,(?,?),
• ???,?????,1998?
• 17. ????????????????,
• ???????,1993
• 18.? J??????,E.F.???,T.?
• ?????,???,?????,???
• ??????????,???,
• ????,1993

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• 19.?F.???, R.???,R.E.??,D.D. ??,J.G.???,J.A.???,
  K.??? ??,???,????,???????????????,?????,1998
• 20. J.D.??,J???,D.T.??????
• DNA?????????,????
• ?????,1987?
• 21.A.J.F.Griffiths,W.M.Gelbart,J.H.Mille
• r,R.C.LewontinModern Genetic Analysis,
• W.H.Freeman and company /Ney york. (1999)
• 22. Russell,P.J.,Genetics,3 rded.
• Harper Collins Publishers. (1992)

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• 23. Lewin, B., GENES ?.
• University Press, Oxford. (2000)
• 24 .J.D.Watson et al Molecular Biology of
• the Gene 4th The Benjamin /Cummings
• PublishingCoompany,Inc.1987
• 25. B.Alberts,D.Bray,J.Lewins,M.Raff,K.Roberts,
• J.D. Watson Molecular Biology of THE
  CELL 3rd
• Garland Publishing,Inc. New York
• London 1994
• 26. Strachan, R.F. and Read, A.P.,
• Humen molecular Genetics ,
• BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford.
  (1996)

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• 27. Winter, G.I. ???(???)
• ?????,1999?
• 28. Robert F.Weaver ?????(???) ,
• ?????,2000,
• 29.?????????????,
• ?????,1985?
• 30. ?I.??,S.???(?????) ???
• ?? ???,?????,1987
• 31. ????,?????,1984?
• 32. J.D.Watson (?????)???--??
• DNA?????,?????,1984

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• 33. ??.???(????)PCR??
• ?????????,???????,
• 1998
• 34. G.???????????
• ??,????1984,

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? ?

• ????????????????(Bateson,W)?1909???????
• ??????????????????,??????????????????????

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• ?? ( Heredity,inheretance)
• ?????
• DNA??? (replication),
• ???? (gene expression)
• ???? (regulation)
• ?????? ?? (transformation)
• ?????? ?? (transduction)
• ??
  (transfection)
• ???? ?? (conjugation)
• ?????? ???(transgene)

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• ??(variation)
• ????(Recombination)
• ????- ?????????????
• ????- ??????(Rearrangements)
  
• ???-????
• ??(Mutation)
• ????
• ?????(Aberration)
• ????
• ????

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??????

• ????????
• ?????(Population genetics)
• ?? ????????????
• ?????(Quantitative gentics)
• ????? (Cytogenetics)
• ????? (Extranuclear G.)
• ?? ???????(Cytoplasmic G.)
• ??????(Chromosomal G.)
• ?????(Molecular genetics)

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• ???????
• ????? (Human genetics)
• ????? (Animal genetics)
• ????? (Plant genetics)
• ?????? (Microbial genetics)
• ???????
• ????? (Developmental genetics)
• ????? ( Behavioral genetics)
• ????? (Immunogenetics)
• ????? (Pharmacogenetics)

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• ????? (Toxicogenetics)
• ????? (Radiation genetics)
• ????? (Cancer genetics)
• ????? (Medical genetics)
• ????? (Blood group genetics)
• ????? (Biochemical genetics)
• ????
• ????? (Biotechnology)
• ???(Eugenics)
• ???(????????????)

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??????

• 1.?????????
• 2.?????????
• 3.???
• 4.????

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??? ???????

• ?.????????????????
• 1.???????????(Hippocrates)
• ???? ???????
• ??????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ????(elememt)?

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• 2.100??,?????(Aristotle)?
• ??????????????,?
• ?????????????????
• ???????????,?????
• ??????????
• 3.1809????(Lamarck, J.B)???
• ??????????,?????
• ????(acquiredcharacteristics)
• ???????

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• 4.1866????(Darwin)??????(hypothesis of
  pangenesis),???
• ???????????????
• ??(pangens)
• 5.1883????????.??(Roux.W)
• ?????????????????
• ??????????????,??
• ?????????????????
• ????

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• 6.??????????(Weismann A)
• ????22??????????,?
• ??????
• 1883?1885???Roux, W.?????
• ???????????????
• (germplasm theory),???????
• ???
• ??(germ plasm)??,??,
• ????????????
• ??(somatoplasm)?????
• ??,???????

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• 7.1869??????????(Galton,
• F.)??? ????(Hereditary
• genius),? ??????

23
?.??????

• 1797??????(Knight,T)
• ??????
• P ????
• F1 ??
• F2 ?? ??
• ??????,?????????

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• 1863??????(Nauding)
• ?????????????????
• ??????
• (1)????????????????
• (2)????????????? ?
• ????????????,???
• ??????,?????????
• ????????

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• 1865??????????(Brunn)???????????????(Gregor
  Johann Mendel),???8??????????,2?8?????????????????
  ?????????,1866??????????????
• ??????? ????,???????????

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??????????

• ????????????????(de Vries)
• ?????????????(Correns,C.E)
• ?????????????????(Tschermak)1900???????????????
• ??????????????,??F2?????31? 1900,3,26????
  ?????? ???????????(18)83-90??????????(130)84
  5-847???????L.H????????????????????????????????,
  ????????????

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• ????1900,4,21?????????????,???????????????,???????
  ???,?????????????????????,??????
  ?????????????? ??,1900,4,24????????????(18)158-
  168????????????????????

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• ?????????????,???????,??? ????????????????,????
  ????????????????,??????????,?1900,6,24???????????
  ??(18)232-239.??????????????????,?????????,
• ????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ????????????(Weldon)
• ?????????????(Bateson)

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• ???????
• ???(Genetics)
• ????(allele)
• ???(homozygous)
• ???(heterozygous)
• ????(epistatic genes)

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• 1909??????? ???(Johannsen)???
• ?? (gene)
• ???(genotype)
• ?? (phenotype)
• ?????????????

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• ???????????? (1900-1940 )
• 1910? ???(Morgan ,T.H)??
• ?????(Sturtevant)
• ?? ????(Bridges)
• ??(Muller)
• ???????
• 1927? Muller X-??????
• ????????????,???
• ???,???????????

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????????????????(19411960)

• 1941 Beadle? Totum ?????????
• 1944 Avery ???????DNA
• 1951 McClintock B. ????????
• ??
• 1953 Watson? Crick???????
• 1958 Kornberg ?? DNA???
• ??????????????(Cistrons)

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• 1945 ???(Sehrdinger,E)
• ?????
• (WHAT IS LIFE ?
• Cambridge Univ )
• ?????????????,????????????????????????

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?????????? (19611985)

• 1961 Jacob ?Monod?????????
• 1962 ,1968 Arber, 1978 Smith ????
• ??
• 1964,1965Nirenberg,Khorana????
• ??
• 1972 Berg??????
• 1975 Temin??????

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• 1977 Sanger Gilbert ??????
• 1977 Sharp ? Roberts ?????
• 1980 Shapiro?????
• 1981 Cech?Altman ????
• 1985 Mullis,K. ???PCR???????
• ??????????????????RNA?DNA,?????????????,?????