Slavery, States Rights,

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Slavery, States Rights, the Civil War
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Slavery in the Territories

• Territories were area owned by the US, but that
  were not yet states.
• The spread or expansion of slavery into those
  areas was possible, the question was how to
  decide if slavery would be allowed there.

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Leading Senators States Rights
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Abolitionists

• Those who favored the immediate end (or
  abolition) of slavery, with no compensation to
  slave owners.

• I will be as harsh as truth, and uncompromising
  as justice. On this subject slavery, I do
  not wish to speak with moderation I am in
  earnest I will not equivocate I will not
  excuse I will not retreat a single inch AND I
  WILL BE HEARD.
• William Lloyd Garrison,
• Abolitionist publisher in the first
• issue of his paper, The Liberator

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Frederick Douglass

• Escaped Maryland slave abolitionist.
• Brilliant, self-educated
• Author of Narrative of the Life of Frederick
  Douglass which showed inhumanity of slavery and
  humanity of slaves.
• Wanted to work within the Union to end slavery.
• Very influential publisher of The North Star.

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Uncle Toms Cabin,orLife Among the Lowly

• Published in 1852.
• Sentimentally depicted the cruelty of slavery.
• Very widely read in North also made in to a
  play.
• Beecher Stowe had never seen a slave plantation.
• Lincoln called her, the little lady who wrote
  the book that made this big war.

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Fugitive Slave Act

• Required northern citizens to help return escaped
  slaves to their owners in the South.
• Included penalties for aiding escaped slaves,
  that included a 1,000 fine!
• Also required Northern law enforcement officials
  to help track and capture slaves.

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The Underground Railroad
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The Underground Railroad

• Secret routes that escaped slaves followed to
  freedom in the North or Canada.
• Conductors, passengers, stations.

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Slave Protests

• Slowing work
• Slave Songs
• Gabriel Prosser (1800)
• Denmark Vessey (1822)
• Nat Turner (1831)

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Missouri Compromise (1820)

• Henry Clay
• Missouri
• Maine
• 360 30

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The Mexican War 1846-48

• Causes
• Texas annexation
• Manifest Destiny
• Racism
• Sectional support
• American victory brings new territory, the
  Mexican Cession

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Compromise of 1850

• California (thanks to the Gold Rush) is ready for
  admission as a free state.
• No slave to balance it. South demands a
  tougher Fugitive Slave Law.
• Popular sovereignty to be used in Mexican
  Cession land to decide if slavery would be
  allowed (not use 360 30)
• Not a real compromise nobodys pleased

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Dred Scott v. Sanford

• Facts of the case
• Court decision
• Taneys opinion of the court.
• Effects

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Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• The Little Giant

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Idea of Stephen Douglas to gain a railroad route
  through his home state of Illinois gain
  southern support for his Presidential bid in
  1860.
• Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
• Kansas Nebraska would be opened for settlement
  leading to statehood.
• the decision if the territory of Kansas would be
  admitted to the Union as a slave or free state
  was to be decided by "Popular Sovereignty" or a
  vote of the territorial residents. 

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Bleeding Kansas

• Competing settlers - violence
• Border ruffians
• Beecher Bibles

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Pottawatomie Massacre (1856)

• In response to a pro-slavery attack on Lawrence,
  Kansas, John Brown and 6 others (including his 4
  sons) attacked slave owning settlers.
• Taking sabers, they hack to death 5 settlers near
  Pottawatomie River, on May 24, 1856.
• Brown claimed responsibility but escaped arrest.

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John Brown Harpers Ferry

• Federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry.
• Brown 21 others plan to capture arsenal and arm
  slaves so they can rise up against slave owners.
• Oct. 16, 1859, Arsenal captured but Marines
  surround it. 10 of Browns men killed Brown
  others captured.
• Brown tried, found guilty of treason, and hanged

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John Browns Legacy

• John Brown died on a scaffold for the slave,
• Dark was the hour when we dug his hallowed grave
• Now God avenges the life he gladly gave
• Freedom reigns today.
• Glory, glory hallelujah, Glory, glory hallelujah
• Glory, glory hallelujah, Freedom reigns today!
• John Browns body lies a-mouldering in the grave
  
• John Brown lives in the triumph of the brave
• John Browns soul not a higher joy can crave
• Freedom reigns today!

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Causes of the Civil War

• States Rights - settle once and for all if
  states can nullify laws and/or secede
• Slavery after the Emancipation Proclamation,
  one goal of the war was to free at least some
  slaves.
• Economic differences between North and South
  disputes between the more rural, agricultural
  South and the increasingly urban, manufacturing
  North.

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The Confederacy

• Pres. Jefferson Davis
• Capital Richmond, VA
• Commanding General Robert E. Lee
• 9 million (incl 3 mil. slaves)
• Potential army of 600,000
• 15 of nations factories
• Economy dependant on sale of cotton to Europe
• Far better military leaders

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The Union

• Pres. Abraham Lincoln
• Capital Washington, DC
• Commanding General George McClellan, later
  Ulysses S. Grant
• 22 million people
• Potential army of 1,000,000
• 85 of nations factories (92 of manufactured
  goods)
• Over twice as much RR miles as CSA

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Lincoln the Constitution

• Raised an army without Congressional action
• Took money (2,000,000) from the US Treasury
  without Congressional approval
• Suspended habeas corpus
• Arrested dissenter suspected spies
• Many jailed without every being charged
• Some spend years in jail
• Censored the press
• Used military courts to try Confederate
  sympathizers

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Ft. Sumter

• Ft. Sumter was a US army fort in Charleston, SC
  harbor.
• The South attacks this Union fort, beginning the
  war.
• Ft. Sumter was forced to surrender to the
  Confederates

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The Norths Anaconda Plan

• Surround the South and crush it. In the same
  way an anaconda snake constricts its prey.
• Keep dividing the South and attacking it at
  different points until defeated.

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1st Bull Run 1861

• 1st major battle of the Civil War.
• South routs the North.
• North realizes war will be neither quick nor easy.

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Antietam 1862

• Union misses a great opportunity to hurt Robert
  E. Lees army.
• Single bloodiest day in American military history
  (over 23,000 killed).
• A very slight Union victory, but it provides
  Lincoln a chance to issue

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Declared slaves in areas still in rebellion on
  Jan. 1, 1863, were free.
• A very clever political document.
• Abolitionists
• Border states
• Actual effect
• Changes the goal of the war for the Union.

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Chancellorsville 1863
Gen. Thomas Stonewall Jackson

• A smaller Confederate army defeats a much larger
  Union force.
• A victory for Robert E. Lee Stonewall
  Jackson.
• Jackson is accidentally shot and killed by one of
  his soldiers.

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Gettysburg Vicksburg

• July 1-3 , 1863
• Gen. George Meade stops Lees invasion of the
  North
• Pickett's charge
• The South will spend the rest of the war strictly
  on defense!

• Key city on the Mississippi River.
• Union put it under seige
• Unconditional Surrender Grant
• Surrenders early July 1863
• Gives Union control of Miss. R.
• Splits CSA

Turning point of the war!
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Taking Richmond

• Lee v. Grant
• Ulysses S. Grants strategy
• Union Advantage
• Butcher Grant
• Slow, steady progress, but costly in lives
• 1864 Lincoln running for re-election

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Shermans March to the Sea

• Attempt to divide the Confederacy from the
  Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean
• Total Warfare scorched earth policy.
• War is hell. Gen. Sherman

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Appomattox

• Robert E. Lees army
• Grant Surrender terms
• April 9, 1865.

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Lincolns Assassination

• Lincoln to attend My American Cousin at Fords
  Theatre.
• April 15, 1865.
• John Wilkes Booth his goals.
• Sec. of State William Seward
• Dr. Samuel Mudd
• Booth surrounded by Union troops.

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Assassination Plot
Lewis Paine
David Harold
Mary Suratt
John Wilkes Booth
George Axelrod
John Suratt
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Conspirators in Lincolns Assassination Are Hanged
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Matthew Brady
Lucretia Mott
Horace Mann
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Andersonville Prison Camp

• Notorious Confederate prison camp for Union POWs
  in Georgia.
• Only opened for 14 months, it held 53,000
  prisoners but over 13,000 died!
• Thats an average of 40 per day!
• Shermans troops uncover the horror there and
  many starved prisoners