?a???s?as? t?? PowerPoint

1
??????S????? T?SS????S S???? G?O?????O?
???S???O? ????? G?O?????S ?G??????S ????GOG?S
?G??????? ????????????S ????? ???????????O?
S????O?
???????µ??? G???µ?t?ta ?daf??

2
?????S
3
??S?GOG?

• ? ?a???? ?e??e?ta? ??a ap? ta p???? ???e?a
  µ?ta??a st? ??? µa? (Ochiai, 1986).
• ? ß??µ??a??a ?a???? ap?t??ese ?a? ap?te?e? t?
  ß?s? t?? ??????µ?a? ??a p????? ???e?
  (Mtambala-Manga, 1970).
• ? ?a???? d?ad?aµat??e? p?????? ?????? st?
  f?s??????a t?? f?t???? ?a? ?????? ???a??sµ??
  (Prohaska 1987, Zhao 1986) ?a? ???s?µ?p??e?ta?
  st?? ?e?ape?a e???t?a d?af???? µetaß??????
  d?ata?a??? (Munteanu et al. 1985).

4
???????S? ??? ??????

• 1. Ge???µ??? p????e?s?
• ??s?? ???? t?? pe??e?t???t?ta? t?? ed?f???
  20-30 mg Cu kg 1
• ?asa?t??? pet??µata 90 mg Cu kg 1 pet??µat??
• G?a??te? 15 mg Cu kg 1 pet??µat??
• 2. ??p?sµata ?a? f?t?f??µa?a
• ??p?sµata (p.? CuS04. 5H20 25Cu) µ????
  s??e?sf??? st? ??pa?s? t?? ed?f??? µe ?a???
• pe??e?t???t?ta sp???a µe?a??te?? ap? 100 mg Cu
  kg 1 ??p?sµat??
• µa????????a ta ap?te??sµata t?? ??pa?s??
  d?at???s? t?? ap??eµ?t?? ?a???? st? ?daf?? ??a
  ??????? d??st?µa 10 et??
• 
  (??ts???,
  2004)
  
  
  

5
???????S? ??? ??????

• S????t?ta ??pa?s?? edaf???? ?a? ???µat????
  s?????e?
• d?a?e???s?
  t?? ?e??????? e?µet???e?s??
• ??st?a??a - 20 ?t? ?a? pe??ss?te??
• ?? ????p? - 5-10 ?t?
• ???a???? ed?f? - s????te?? ??pa?s? µe µe?a??te?e?
  d?se??
• 
  
  (Follett et al. 1981)
• ?a?????a µ???t??t??a
• CuSO4.5H2O Ca(OH)2 µ??µa Bordeaux ?
  ß??d????e??? p??t??
• ?sfa?? ?a? p??? ap?te?esµat??? µ???t??t??a epaf??
  (White, 2004)
• ????tat? ? ???s? t??? se p????? ?a???e??e???
  s?µa?t??? ? s??e?sf??? t??? st? ??pa?s? t??
  edaf?? - 7x107 kg Cu yr-1
• 
  
  (??ts???,
  2004)

6
???????S? ??? ??????
3. ???? ß????????? ?a?a??sµ?? ????ste?
ep?t?ept?? s???e?t??se?? (mg/kg ????? ?????)
(Hedberg et al. 1996)
7
???????S? ??? ??????

• G?a ta ded?µ??a t?? ???a? µa? ? a??tat? pa?ade?t?
  s?????t??s? ?p?? a?af??eta? st? F.?.?. 641/7.8.91
  ??a t?? ?a??? e??a? 1000-1750 mg kg 1 ?????
  ?????
  (??ts???, 2004)
• 4. ?tµ?sfa?????? ap???se?? (ß????, ???? ap??es?)
• ?fa?ste?a?? d?ast????t?ta
• e?p?µp?? ?a?sae???? ap? t? ß??µ??a????
  d?ast????t?ta
• e?p?µp?? ?a?sae???? ap? t?? ?a?s? ????? ?a?s?µ??
• e?p?µp?? ap? t?? ap?t?f??s? t?? ap????µµ?t??
• 
  
  (??ts???, 2004)

8
?????? S??????F??? ??? ?????? S?? ???F?S

• ?? µ??f?? t?? ?a???? st? ?daf?? e??a?
• ?dat?d?a??t? ???ta t?? µet????? ?a? a????a?a ?a?
  ???a???? s?µp???? t?? st? edaf??? d????µa.
• ??ta?????µ?? ?a????.
• Sta?e?? ???a???? s?µp???a µe t?? ???a???? ??s?a.
• ???s??f?µ???? ?a???? sta ??e?d?a ?a? ?d???e?d?a
  t?? s?d????, µa??a???? ?a? a???????.
• ???s??f?µ???? ?a???? sta ?????e?d? s?µat?d?a t??
  a?????? ? t?? ???µ???? ?????.
• ?a???? p?? e??a? desµe?µ???? st? ???sta?????
  p???µa t?? ????t?? t?? ed?f???
• 
  (??ts???,
  2004)

9
?????? S??????F??? ??? ?????? S?? ???F?S

• ???s??f?s? ?a???? ap? t? ?daf?? Cu2 ?a?
  CuOH
• p?s?t?ta p?? p??s??f?ta? ??e?t????
  f??t?? t?? ste?e?? f?s??
• pH
• ?daf??? d????µa 3-135 µg Cu L-1 edaf????
  d?a??µat??
• pH lt 7 p?????ta ?d????s?? (CuOH ,
  Cu2(OH)22)
• pH gt 8 a??????? ?d????-s?µp???a
  (Cu(OH)3-1, Cu(OH)4-2)
• ???se?? ???a????? ??s?a? ?a???? (?????? Cu2)
• s??µat?sµ?? ad????t?? ?a? e?d????t?? s?µp????? -
  ? sp??da??te??
• d?e??as?a st? ?daf??
• 
  
  (??ts???, 2004)

10
???F? ??? S????????? ?? ???F??????S
?????? (??e???? s?st?µa FAO-UNESCO) Histosols -
???a???? ed?f? sta ?p??a ? d?a?es?µ?t?ta t??
?a???? ß??s?eta? se ?aµ??? ep?peda Podzols -
?ep??µ??a ed?f? µe µe???a p?s?st? ?µµ?? p?? de?
????? t?? ??a??t?ta ?a s????at??? ??a??p???t????
p?s?t?te? ?dat?? ?a? ??ept???? st???e??? Arenosols
- aµµ?d? ed?f? ta ?p??a de? s????at???
??a??p???t??? p?s?t?ta ?dat??, µe µ???? CEC,
µ???? pe??e?t???t?ta se ??ept??? st???e?a, ?aµ???
pe??e?t???t?ta se ?????? ?a? ???a????
??s?a. Solonetz - ?at???µ??a ed?f?, µe ?????
p?s?st? a?ta?????µ?? ?at???? pH gt8 ?a? p???
µ???? p?s?st? ???as?a? Kastanozems - ed?f? st??
?µ????e? st?pe?, µe µe???? p?s?st? ???a?????
??s?a?, ?????? t?µ?? pH sta ?p??a desµe?eta? ?
?a????

(FAO,
CDA UK, ??ts??? 2004)
11
???S???? ??? ????F??? ??? ?????? S?? F???

• ??a ap? ta p???? d?s????ta ßa??a µ?ta??a
  (??ts???, 2004)
  
  
• ???s???? ap? ta f?t? - Cu2
• a?ta????st??? d??s? µeta?? Cu2 ?a? Zn2,
  Ca2, K ?a? NH4
• t? pH t?? ed?f???
  (??ts???, 2004)
  
• t? f?t??? e?d??
  (Loneragan, 1984)
  
  
• ? ????s? t?? ?a???? st? f?t?
• ????de? ?a? f????de? pa?????µa - a??t???e? ?µ?de?
  t?? aµ???????
• 
  (CDA UK, ??ts???
  2004)
• s?????t?s? ?a? s?ss??e?s? st? ???a ?a? sta
  pa?a??te?a f???a
• 
  
  (??ts???, 2004)
  
  

12
? F?S????G???S ????S ??? ?????? S?? T???? ???
F????

• ? ?a???? ap?te?e? s?stat??? p????? p??te???? ?a?
  e???µ?? ta ?p??a s?µµet????? se s?µa?t????
  ß????µ???? d?e??as?e? ?? ?????te?e? ap? t??
  ?p??e? e??a?
• ? f?t?s???es? ?a? ? a?ap???
• ? a?a???? t?? a??t??
• ? pa?a???? t?? ?????e?????? ????? (DNA ?a? RNA)
• H µeta????s? t?? ?dat?? sta ????d? a??e?a
• ? a??e?t???t?ta se as???e?e?
  (??ts??? 2004)
• ? s???es? t?? ???????? ?a? ? µetaß???sµ?? t??
  fa??????
• ? pa?a???? ???st????
  (Alloway et al 1985)
• 
  
  

13
???F?????? ??????

• ?e??pt?se?? t??f?pe??a? ?a???? ????? a?afe??e? se
  pe??ss?te?a ap? 50 e?d? ?a???e??e??? ?a? se
  pe??ss?te?e? ap? 51 ???e? (FAO, CDA UK, ??ts???
  2004).
• S????t?ta e?d???s?? t??f?pe??a? se ???sµ??e?
  ?a??????e?e?

???????G??? ???T??S ?O?O? S??S ?????S ???? ???F??T?? ???F??????
S?t??? 23
???µ? 12
?a?aµp??? 12
??????? 12
???? 12
??s??t?p?a (pasture) 9
14
S?t??? (Triticum spp)
 Acknowledgement B. J. Alloway, Queen Mary
College, University of London.
15
?a?aµp??? (Zea mays)
                                                
                                                  
                                      Acknowledgem
ent BJ.Alloway, Queen Mary College, University
of London.
16
Acknowledgement N.l.Grundon, Queensland Wheat
Research Institute, Australia.
17
???µ? (Avena sativa)
Acknowledgement W.Büssler, Technische
Universitat, Berlin.
18
????? (Malus spp)
                                                
                                                  
                 Acknowledgement K.Snowball,
University of Westem Australia.
19
???t??a??? (Citrus sinensis)
Acknowledgement H.K.Wutscher, USDA, Orlando,
Florida, USA.
20
?eµ???? (Citrus limon)
                                                
                                                  
                                                  
     Acknowledgement K.R. Jorgensen, Department
of Primary Industries, Queensland. Australia.
R.G.Platt, USDA Riverside, California, USA.
21
??µ?ta (Lycopersicum esculentum)
Acknowledgement W. Büssler, Technische
Universitat, Berlin.
22
??eµµ?d? (Allium cepa)
23
?a????? (Lactuca sativa)
                                Acknowledgement
K.W. Smilde, Institute of SoilFertility, Haren,
The Netherlands
24
???s???eµ? (Chtysanthemum morifolium)
                                                
                                          Acknowle
dgement K.W.Smilde, Institute of Soil Fertility,
Haren, The Netherlands
25
???a?taf????? (Rosa hybrida)
Acknowledgement Fachhochschule, Weihenstephan,
Freising, Germany.
26
???a???? (Helianthus tuberosus)
Acknowledgement W.Bussler, Technische
Universitat, Berlin.
27
?????????? ??????

• ?d?f? µe???a ????t?? ?a? µeta??e?µ?t??
  ?a????
• e?tetaµ??? ???s?
  ?a??????? s?e?asµ?t?? (??ts???, 2004)
• ?????? s???e?t??se?? ?a???? st? ?daf?? (1.5-4.5
  mg L-1 edaf???? d?a??µat??) ???a
  
  (??ts???, 2004)
• S?µpt?µata ?e???? ?????s? ?a? ?a??sµ??,
  µ??a?s? t?? f?????, eµf???s? ????d?? µe t? µ??f?
  ?a??µat??, µe??s? t?? µe?????? t?? ?e?te???
  f?????, ?p?ß??µ?s? t?? a??pt???? t?? ???a? ?a?
  t?? ß?ast??
  (Lepp,
  N.W, 1981)
• ?????t??? s?µpt?µata pa??µ??a µe a?t? t??
  t??f?pe??a? s?d???? a?ta????sµ?? st??
  µetaß???sµ? t?? ?a???? ?a? t?? s?d???? ?
  ?atast??f? t?? ???a??e?d?? st??? ?????p??ste?
  (CDA UK)

28
Chamaedorea
29
?µp??? (Vitis vinifera)
30
???f???? (Trifolium subterranean)
31
??????G???S
32
??S?GOG?

• ? ?e?d??????? e??a? apa?a?t?t? ??ept??? st???e??
  ??a t?? ?µa?? a??pt??? ?a? a?apa?a???? t?? f?t??,
  t?? ???? ?a? t?? a????p?? se µ????? s???e?t??se??
  (??ts???, 2004).
• ????? t? 1932 d?a???st??e ??a p??t? f??? ?
  ???e??? Zn se s?????e? a???? se ?p????e? t??
  ?a??f????a ?a? se ?a??????e?e? espe??d?e?d?? st??
  ??st?a??a (Alloway, 2003).
• S?????t??? µe ta ?p????pa ????st???e?a ?
  t??f?pe??a Zn ?e??e?ta? ? p?? e????? d?aded?µ???
  a?? t?? ??sµ? (FAO 1990, Alloway 2003).

33
???????S? ??? S??????F??? ??? Zn S?? ???F??????
s?????t??s? ?e?da?????? sta ed?f?

• ??s? s?????t??s? Zn st? ?daf?? 10 - 300 mg Zn
  kg1 ed?f??? s?????ste?? t?µ? 50 mg Zn kg1
  ed?f???
• 
  
  (??ts???, 2004)
• ??st?a??a (Bertrand et al. 2002)
• 4 - 41 mg kg1 (lt 2 CaCO3 ) ?a? 5 - 36 mg
  kg1 (gt 2 CaCO3 )
• ?.?.? (Holmgren et al. 1993)
• 56,5 mg Zn kg1 ed?f???
• (3045 de??µata ap? µ?-??pasµ??e? pe??????)
  
• 
  
  (Alloway, 2003)

34
???????S? ??? S??????F??? ??? Zn S?? ???F??????
s?????t??s? ?e?da?????? sta ed?f?

• ????p? (Angelone and Bini, 1992)
• 68 mg Zn kg1 µ?s?? ???? ap? t?? pe??ss?te?e?
  ???e?
• ?????a ?a? S??t?a (Mc Grath et al. 1992)
• 97 mg Zn kg1 5692 de??µata, ??pasµ??e?
  pe??????
• Ga???a (Baize, 1997) ?a? Ge?µa??a ( Gorny et
  al. 2000)
• ?µµ?d? ed?f? 17- 27 mg kg1
• ??????d? ed?f? 76-98 mg kg1
  
• 
  
  (Alloway, 2003)
  

35
???????S? ??? S??????F??? ??? Zn S??
???F??a?????te? p?? ep??e????? t?? ?????
s?????t??s? Zn st? ?daf?? 1. ?? µ?t???? p?t??µa

• ??s? ????? s?????t??s? Zn
• ?as??te? 100 mg Zn kg1 pet??µat??
• G?a??te? 40 mg Zn kg1
  pet??µat??
• ?sßest??????? pet??µata ?a? d???µ?te?
  10-30 mg Zn kg1
• 
  
  (??ts???, 2004)

36
???????S? ??? S??????F??? ??? Zn S??
???F??a?????te? p?? ep??e????? t?? ?????
s?????t??s? Zn st? ?daf?? 2. ?tµ?sfa??????
ap???se??
??G?S ????SF??????S
?????S?S F?S???S
??T?O??G????S s???? (a?????µe?a
s?µat?d?a) ?a?s? ???ß????? ?a??ss?a
?d??sta????d?a ?a?s?
????t?? ?a?s?µ?? e?p?µp?? ae???? ap? ta
?fa?ste?a ß??µ??a????? d?ast????t?te?

ap?t?f??s? t?? ap????µµ?t??

ast????/ß??µ??a????? e?p?µp??

(Alloway 2003, ??ts??? 2004)
37
???????S? ??? S??????F??? ??? Zn S??
???F??a?????te? p?? ep??e????? t?? ?????
s?????t??s? Zn st? ?daf??3. Ge???????
d?ast????t?te?

• ??p??? -?????a-S??t?a 2000t Zn yr 1
  40 t?? s???????? e?s???? (Alloway, 2003)
• ??p?sµata - f?sf????? 50-1450 mg Zn kg1
  (??ts???, 2004)
• F?t?f??µa?a - ?????? ta µ???t??t??a (Alloway,
  2003)
• ???? ß????????? ?a?a??sµ?? - 1.500 - 4.100 mg
  Zn kg1 d.w ?????a 1 t?? ?a???e????µe???
  edaf?? (Alloway 2003, ??ts??? 2004)
• ???µ??a???? ap?ß??ta - ß??µ??a??a t??f?µ??,
  ?a?t?ß??µ??a??a, ??t???a ? ?a??ß????e?a ?.a
  (Alloway, 2003)

38
???????S? ??? S??????F??? ??? Zn S?? ???F????F?S
??????G???? S?? ???F?S

• ?dat?d?a??t?? µ??f??. O? e??se?? st? edaf???
  d????µa (1-20).
• ??ta?????µe? µ??f??. ?? a?ta?????µe? µ??f?? t??
  Zn p?? s????at???ta? st? ste?e? f?s? t?? ed?f???
  (??e?d?a t?? s?d????, a??????? 14-38, ????t? t??
  a?????? 24-63).
• S?µp????p???µ??e? µ??f??. ?? µ??f?? p??
  d?µ???????? s?µp???e? e??se?? µe ???a??????
  ?p??atast?te? (1,5-2,3) ?a? ?? e??se?? ??
  p??s??f?µ??e? st?? ???a???? ??s?a.
• ???s??f?µ??e?-desµe?µ??e? µ??f?? ap? ta ????t?
  t?? a?????? ?a? ta ad????ta µeta????? ??e?d?a.
• ???f?? t?? st???e??? sta µ?t???? pet??µata.
  (M?ts???, 2004)
  
  

39

• ? ?e?d??????? st? edaf??? d????µa
• ?dat?d?a??t?? Zn 4 - 270 µg L1 (ppb)
• ??s? ????? s?????t??s? 50 - 80 mg kg 1
  (ppm)
  
• Se p??? ????a ed?f? 7137 µg Zn L1 ?
  d?a??t?t?ta a?t?st??f?? a?????? t?? pH t??
  ed?f??? (Alloway 2003)
• pH t?? ed?f??? µ??f? t?? Zn st?
  edaf??? d????µa
• pHlt7,7 Zn2
  
  (Alloway 2003)
• pHlt7 µe??s? p??s??f?s?? Zn2
  (??ts???, 2004)
• ??a??t? s?µp???a µe ???a???? ???a ?aµ????
  µ???a??? ß?????
• f???ß??? ???a - Zn2 se µe???? e????
  t?µ?? pH (??ts???, 2004)
• ? p??s??f?s? t?? Zn ap? t? ?daf??
• ep?f??e?e? ???a?ta??a??? (????? pe??ß?????)
• ??µe????f?s? (a??a???? pe??ß?????)
  (??ts???, 2004)

40
????G????S ??? ?????????? ??? ???T?S??????? ???
??? ???S???? ??? ??????G???? ??? ?? F???

• ? ????? s?????t??s? ?e?da?????? st? ?daf??
• ?µµ?d?, ????a ?ep??µ??a ed?f? µ????
  s?????t??s? (??ts???, 2004)
• ?? pH
  (??ts???,
  2004)
• ????s? pH a???s? p??s??f?s?? µe??s?
  t?? d?a??s?µ?? Zn
• ? pe??e?t???t?ta se ???a???? ??s?a
• ????s? pe??e?t???t?ta? a???s?
  ?dat?d?a??t?? Zn (s??µat?sµ?? e?d????t??
  s?µp?????)
  (??ts???, 2004)
• ? edaf??? ???as?a
• ?aµ??? edaf??? ???as?a
• ???µµ???sµ??a ed?f?
  (Alloway, 2003)
• ? pe??e?t???t?ta t?? ed?f??? se CaCO3
  (Alloway, 2003)
  
  

41

• ? s?????t??s? t?? µa???st???e??? ?a? ?d?a?te?a
  t?? f?sf????
• ????? s?????t??s? f?sf???? st? ?daf?? ?
  p?? ????? a?t?a t??f?pe??a? ?e?da?????? a?? t??
  ??sµ?.
• ??t??a a?ta????st??? fa???µe?a s?et??? µe
  pa?????te? t?? f?s??????a? t?? f?t??
  
  (??ts???, 2004)
• ????? s?????t??s? a??t??, asßest???
  a?ta????st??? d??s?
• µe??s? ??a??t?ta? f?t?? ?a p??s?aµß????? Zn
  (??ts???, 2004)
• ?e???? aµµ???a ?????s? ed?f???
  a???s? d?a?es?µ?t?ta? Zn
• CaSO4 - pH 5.8 4.6
• CaCO3 - pH 5.7 6.6 (pe???µata se
  ??ept??? d?a??µata)
• 
  
  (Alloway, 2003)

42

• ? s?????t??s? ????? ????st???e???
• ?????? s???e?t??se?? ?a???? st? edaf??? d????µa
  µe??s? d?a?es?µ?t?ta? ?e?da??????
• a?ta????sµ?? ??a t?? ?d?e? ??se?? p??s????? st?
  ???a t?? f?t??
• µe??s? t?? ??a??t?ta? f?t?? ?a p??s?aµß?????
  ?e?d??????
• ????? s?????t??s? s?d???? a?ta????st???
  d??s? (??ts???, 2004)
• ???e??? Zn a???s? t?? p??s????? ß?????
  (Alloway, 2003)
• ?? ???µat???? s?????e?
• ?aµ??? ?e?µ???as?a ed?f???
  (??ts???, 2004)
• ?? e?d?? ?a? ? p??????a t?? f?t??
• ?d?f? µe ad?ap??aste? ap? t? ???a ???e?
• ? µ????ß?a?? d?ast????t?ta st? ????sfa??a
  (Alloway, 2003)
  

43
FAO Global Study of the Micronutrient Status
Soils
44
? ????S ??? ??????G???? S?? T???? ??? F????
Sta f?t? ? ?e?d??????? e?e??e? ?? ?ata??t?? a???
?a? ?? d?µ??? s?stat??? se µe???? a???µ? e???µ??
(de?d?????as??, p??te??as??, pept?das??) p??
s?µµet????? se s?µa?t???? ß????µ???? d?e??as?e?
?p?? (Alloway 2003, ??ts??? 2004) ?
µetaß???sµ?? t?? ?d?????a??????? ?
µetaß???sµ?? t?? p??te???? ?a? ? s??µat?sµ?? t??
??ß?s?µ?t?? ?a? t?? RNA
(??ts???, 2004)
? µetaß???sµ?? t?? a???t???? ??µ????      ?
d?at???s? t?? a?e?a??t?ta? ?a? ?e?t???????t?ta?
t?? ß????????? µeµß?a??? ? s??µat?sµ?? t??
????? ? a?t??? st?? p??sß???? ap?
s???e???µ??a pa?????a (Alloway, 2003)
45
S?????? ????ST?S?? ???S???O? ???????G??O? S???
??????? ??????G????


????? ??t??a
?aµ???


???? ???????
S?t??? ?spe??d?e?d?
?aµß???
???µ? ?p???f??a d??d?a ?at?ta
???f???? ?µp???
??µ?ta
?a??t? ?a?aµp??? S???a
Spa?????
Fas???


(Alloway, 2003)
46
S????O???? ??S ???F??????S ??????G????

• ?e??µ??? a??pt??? t?? f?t??, ?a??sµ??.
• S??µat?sµ?? ????ta? (??µ??µa t?? ß?s?? t??
  ß?ast??).
• ??????a?p?a.
• ?????f????a.
• ?????s? t?? f?????.
• ?e???t???? ????de? sta f???a.
• ???d????se?, ?af? ???µat?? ????de? sta f???a
• ??sµ??f?a t?? f?????
• (Alloway, 2003)

47
????? (Malus spp)
48
(No Transcript)
49
?a?aµp??? (Zea mays)
50
S?t??? (Triticum spp)
51
(No Transcript)
52
???? (Oryza sativa)
53
(No Transcript)
54
???t??a??? (Citrus sinensis)
55

56
??µ?ta (Lycopersicum esculentum)
57
(No Transcript)
58
?µp??? (Vitis vinifera)
59
(No Transcript)
60
S???a (Glycine max)
61
?a??t? (Daucus carota)
62
?aµß??? (Gossypium hirsutum) F?????a
(Fragaria ananassia)
63
?????????? ??????G????

• ??a ap? ta ????te?? f?t?t????? ßa??a µ?ta??a
• S????? ???a f?t?t?????t?ta? 100 - 500 mg
  Zn L-1 (M?ts???, 2004)
• ??pasµ??e? pe?????? ß??µ??a???? d?ast????t?ta
• ????a ed?f? µe µe???? p?s?st? ???a????? ??s?a?
• ?d?f? p?? d????ta? µe???e? p?s?t?te? ????? ?
  ??p???? p???s?e? se Zn
• ??t???? p?t??µa p???s?? se Zn
  (Alloway 2003, M?ts??? 2004)
• ??????t?ta Zn ?????s? ?d?a?te?a sta
  ?ea?? f???a ?a? p??ß??µata st?? a??pt??? t??
  f?t?? (M?ts???,
  2004)
  
• ???t?desµe?t??? ßa?t???? Rhizobium leguminosum
  ? p?? e?a?s??t?? ???a??sµ?? st??
  t?????t?ta Zn (Alloway,
  2003)

64
?????? S?? ???F? ??S T?SS????S
(?. G????a, ?. ??ts??? 2002)
(I. Mitsios, E. Golia, S. Floras
2003)
65
(I. Mitsios, E. Golia, S. Floras 2003)
66
(I. Mitsios, E. Golia, S. Floras
2003)
67
(I. Mitsios, E. Golia, S.
Floras 2003)
68
??a?es?µ?t?ta µet????? pH
(Sanders
et al., 1986, Anderson Christensen, 1988)
?e??e?t???t?ta se ?????? (Herms Brummer,
1984) ???a???? ??s?a
(McGrath et al., 1988)


(I. Mitsios, E. Golia, S. Floras
2003)
69
??????S? ??? PH S??? ???S???? Zn, Cu, Cd ???
???????G???S ?????? ??S ????F?????S ??????S?S
(I. Mitsios, E. Golia 2003)
70
???S?????S??S ?O? ??????O? Zn, Cu, Cd S? ???F?
??? F???? ?????? ???O? BURLEY, VIRGINIA ???
?????????? (????????S ???SS???) ?O? ???O? ????S?S
??????O? ??? ??????S?S ??se? s???e?t??se??
µet????? sta f???a ?ap??? (mg kg-1 ?. ?.) Burley
Zn (34.8, 32.2, 32.0) Cu
(14.1, 11.7, 12.4) Cd (0.8, 0.7, 0.6) Virginia
Zn (23.9, 23.9, 24.3) Cu
(17.3, 16.5, 16.2) Cd (0.4, 0.3, 0.3) ????.
??ass??a Zn (37.7, 41.7, 35.5) Cu (18.2,
11.5, 13.3) Cd (0.7, 0.5, 0.5) ?? p?s?st?
t?? ???sµat?? t?? s?????t??s?? t?? st???e??? p??
p??sd????st??e µe d????µa DTPA ?a? a?t?? p??
p??sd????st??e µe Aqua Regia
Cd 20,1, Cu
3,34 Zn
1,44
(?. G????a, ?. ??ts??? 2002)
71
?????? S?? ???F? ??S T?SS????S ???S????
S??????S????

• Sta ed?f? t?? ??µ?? ????sa?, ???????? ?a?
  ?a?d?tsa?, sta ?p??a ?a???e??e?ta? ?ap???, ??
  s???e?t??se?? Zn ?a? Cu e??a? µ????te?e? ap? t??
  ???a??? t?µ?? s?????t??s?? t?? ßa???? µet?????
  st? ?daf?? (F?? 641/07.08.1991) (?. G????a, ?.
  ??ts??? 2002).
• ?? µe?a??te?? t?? edaf???? de??µ?t?? e??e p???
  µ???? t?µ? s?????t??s?? d?a??s?µ?? Zn (lt 1 mg
  kg-1 ed?f???) e?? ? a?t?st???? s?????t??s? ??a
  t?? ?a??? ?ta? µ????te?? t?? 3 mg kg -1 ed?f???
  (I. Mitsios, E. Golia, S. Floras 2003).
• ?? p?s?st? t?? a?????? t?? edaf?? s?s?et??eta?
  s?µa?t??? µe t?? ?????? s???e?t??se?? t?? Zn ?a?
  Cu (I. Mitsios, E. Golia, C. Tsadilas 2005).
• ? pe??e?t???t?ta se ???a???? ??s?a t?? edaf??
  s?s?et??eta? s?µa?t??? µe t?? d?a??s?µe?
  s???e?t??se?? t?? Zn ?a? Cu (?. G????a, ?.
  ??ts??? 2000) a??? ?a? µe t?? ?????? (I. Mitsios,
  E. Golia, C. Tsadilas 2005).

72
?????? S?? ???F? ??S T?SS????S???S????
S??????S????

• ? t?µ? t?? pH s?s?et??eta? a???t??? µe t??
  s???e?t??se?? t?? µet????? sta f???a ?a? t??
  t???? t?p?? ?ap??? ?a? sta t??a st?d?a s???????
  t???.
• St?? ?ap?? p??????a? ??ass??a eµfa???eta?
  s?µa?t??? a???t??? s?s??t?s? µeta?? t??
  s???e?t??se?? t?? µet????? Zn, Cu se ??a ta
  st?d?a s???????, ?a? t?? t?µ?? t?? pH t??
  ed?f???.
• ?? ?????te?e? t?µ?? t?? s?????t??s?? t?? Zn
  pa???s?????ta? st?? p??????a ??ass??a ?a? ??
  ?aµ???te?e? t?µ?? st?? ?ap?? t?p?? Virginia. St??
  ?ap?? t?p?? Virginia, ?st?s? pa???s?????ta?
  s??????? ?? ?????te?e? t?µ?? t?? s?????t??s?? t??
  Cu, µe e?a??es? t? 1? st?d?? s??????? t?? ?ap???
  ??ass??a.
• 
  (?. G????a, ?.
  ??ts??? 2002)

73
??????S?O ???? G?? ??? ???S??? S?S