Anthropological%20Theories%20About%20Social%20Change

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Anthropological Theories About Social Change
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Cause of Social Change
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The San of Southern Africa
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Read article in small groups answer the questions
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Minds on activity

• Respond Discuss as a class

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Theory of Cultural Change

• All the cultural changes that were forced on the
  San came from INTERACTION (contact with other
  cultures).
• most anthropologists believe that the most
  far-reaching cultural changes come from contact
  with other cultures.
• In many cases, as seen in the San, cultures do
  not want to accept change but are forced to do so
  by more powerful cultures.

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The Gods Are CrazyCultural Comparison

• http///watch?voeeIuC77NVM
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vk1Kj4T4wsdMNR1

• San Tribe Kalahwww.youtube.comari Desert, 1980

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How can cultures adapt and change?
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Anthropologies have classified forces that
influences cultures to adapt and change

1. Diffusion
2. Acculturation (two forms incorporation and
   directed Change)
3. Cultural evolution

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How can cultures adapt and change?

• 1) Diffusion occurs when one culture borrows
  cultural symbols from another.
• Smoking tobacco is
• originally a North
• American product
• learned from
• aboriginals
• that Europeans
• brought to
• Africa.

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• 2. Acculturation results from prolonged contact
  between two cultures during which time they
  interchange symbols, beliefs and customs. This
  can happen in two ways.
• Two forms
• Incorporation
• Directed Change

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• A) Incorporation when people freely borrow
  selected elements from one culture (ie. Canoe)

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• B) Directed Change when one culture defeats or
  otherwise controls another and forces it to
  changes aspects of its culture.

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• 3) Cultural Evolution cultures evolve according
  to common patterns. They move from
  hunter-gathering cultures to industrialized
  states in predictable stages.

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Acculturation

• Example of Direct Change

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• Residential Schools
• Belief
• In the 19th century, the Canadian government
  believed aboriginal peoples were primitive
  cultures and it was the states responsible to
  educating and caring for the country's aboriginal
  people.
• Aboriginals had to assimilate to Canadian culture
  and their best chance for success was to learn
  English and adopt Christianity and Canadian
  customs.
• Ideally, aboriginals would pass their adopted
  lifestyle on to their children, and native
  traditions would diminish, or be completely
  abolished in a few generations.
• Implementation
• The Canadian government developed a policy called
  "aggressive assimilation" to be taught at
  church-run, government-funded industrial schools,
  later called residential schools.
• The government felt children were easier to mould
  than adults, and the concept of a boarding school
  was the best way to prepare them for life in
  mainstream society.

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A look at Canadian Aboriginals

• St. Joseph Residential School, also known as the
  Crowfoot School (Alberta 1890). The Canadian
  government made Aboriginal cultures change by
  forcing Aboriginal children into residential
  schools.

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• Results
• From 19Th century to 1996 (which was when the
  last school closed) over 150,000 native children
  were removed from their communities and forced to
  attend school.

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• Thinking questions
• In what ways could this change Aboriginal
  culture?
• How is this an example of directed change?
• How is racism involved?

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• Though the Catholic church oversaw three-quarters
  of Canadian residential schools, it was the last
  church to have one of its leaders officially
  address the abuse.
• On April 29, 2009, Pope Benedict XVI expressed
  his "sorrow" to a delegation from Canada's
  Assembly of First Nations for the abuse and
  "deplorable" treatment that aboriginal students
  suffered at Roman Catholic Church-run residential
  schools.