What%20Do%20I%20already%20know%20about%20Prehistoric%20Cultures?

1
other useful materials not on the exams
2
Texas A M
http//www.tamu.edu/anthropology/news.html
3
Library Resources Include
Other Library Information (including JSTOR)
4
Virtual and real libraries
UMDs Brick and Mortar Library
5
http//www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/p
cvideo.html
6
Cultural Anthropology

• Main Characteristics of Anthropology

7
The Fields of the General Anthropology

• archaeology
• physical or biological anthropology (bioanthropol
  ogy)
• linguistic anthropology
• cultural / social anthropology

8
The Fields of the General Anthropology

• archaeology
• physical or biological anthropology (bioanthropol
  ogy)
• linguistic anthropology
• cultural / social anthropology

9
Texas A M
http//www.tamu.edu/anthropology/news.html
10
1
2
3
4
http//www.tamu.edu/anthropology/news.html
11
Main Characteristics

• culture as a primary concept

• comparative methods as major approaches to the
  study of human behavior development and structure
  (usually involving field work)
• holism or the study of "humankind" as a whole, as
  a primary goal of anthropology

12
Main Characteristics

• culture
• as a primary concept

13
Main Characteristics

• culture

• learned
• shared
• transmitted from generation to generation
• based on symbols
• integrated

14
Main Characteristics

• culture
• is not inherited (biological)
• it is not instinct

15
Main Characteristics

• cultures
• are integrated
• interact and change

16
The Concept of Culture

• Microculture
• a distinct pattern of learned and shared behavior
  and thinking found within larger cultures such as
  ethnic groups in localized regions
• local cultures

17
The Concept of Culture

• microcultures can include ethnic groups within
  nations
• e.g., Anishinabe (Chippewa Ojibwa)
• e.g., Rom (Gypsies)
• e.g., Irish Travellers
• sometimes incorrectly called Gypsies
• e.g., Basques
• e.g., Kurds
• e.g., Australian Aboriginals

18
The Concept of Culture

• Microculture
• a distinct pattern of learned and shared behavior
  and thinking found within larger cultures such as
  ethnic groups in localized regions
• local cultures

• Macroculture
• a distinct pattern of learned and shared behavior
  and thinking that crosses local boundaries, such
  as transnational culture and global culture

19
The Concept of Culture

• macrocultures can include groups across nations
• e.g., Rom (Gypsies)
• e.g., ? Al Qaeda

20
Main Characteristics

• culture as a primary concept
• comparative method as major approach to the study
  of human behavior

21
Main Characteristics

• the comparative method compares things, for e.g.,
  process of domestication / civilization
• wheat Turkey
• rice China
• maize Mexico
• manioc Brazil

22
Main Characteristics

• the comparative method compares things, for e.g.,
  process of domestication / civilization
• wheat Turkey
• rice China
• maize Mexico
• manioc Brazil

23
Chapter 16 Food Production A Biocultural
Revolution
Neolithic
Time line for Ch. 16 Food Production.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 410.
24
Origin of Domestication for Selected Plants
wheat 10,500 ybp
rice 7,000 ybp
maize 4,200 ybp
millet 4,000 ybp
manioc 4,200 ybp
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 8th Ed., p. 417.
25
Main Characteristics

• culture as a primary concept
• comparative method as major approach to the study
  of human behavior
• holism or the study of "humankind" as a whole, as
  a primary theoretical goal of anthropology

26
The Fields of the General Anthropology

• archaeology
• physical or biological anthropology (bioanthropol
  ogy)
• linguistic anthropology
• cultural / social anthropology

27
The main fields of general anthropology
1
2
3
4
http//www.tamu.edu/anthropology/news.html
28
(No Transcript)
29
holism
30
holism
31
difficult terms
32
Glossary

• ethnography
• scientific description of cultures
• (a portrait of a people)

33
Glossary

• ethno graphy
• graph from the Greek, meaning something written
  or drawn

34
Glossary

• ethnology
• comparative study of cultures

• this is different from . . .

35
Glossary

• ethology
• scientific study of the social behavior of
  animals, especially in their natural environments
• note that there is no n in ethology

36
Glossary

• primatology
• scientific study of the social behavior of
  primates, especially apes and monkeys

37
Glossary

• primates
• prosimians (pre-monkeys)
• monkeys
• apes
• and also humans

38
Main Characteristics

• culture as a primary concept
• comparative method as major approach to the study
  of human behavior
• holism or the study of "humankind" as a whole, as
  a primary theoretical goal of anthropology
• fieldwork as a primary research technique
  (participant observation)

39
Glossary

• Other important terms include . . .

40
Glossary

• ethnocentrism
• judging other cultures by the standards of ones
  own culture rather than by the standards of that
  particular culture

41
Glossary

• cultural relativism
• the perspective that each culture must be
  understood in terms of the values and ideas of
  that culture and should not be judged by the
  standards of another

42
Glossary

• absolute cultural relativism
• the perspective that says a person from one
  culture should not question the rightness or
  wrongness of behavior or ideas in other cultures
  because that would be ethnocentric
• World War II Holocaust
• arranged underage marriage
• female genital mutilations
• withholding of medical treatment of children for
  religious reasons
• polygyny. . . .

43
http//www.dailytexanonline.com/news/2004/03/26/St
ateLocal/Polygamists.Might.Be.Building.In.Texas-64
2621.shtml
44
http//www.presstelegram.com/Stories/0,1413,20425
7E23187257E2235392,00.html
45
Glossary

• critical cultural relativism
• offers an alternative view that poses questions
  about cultural practices and ideas in terms of
  who accepts them and why, and who they might be
  harming or helping

46

• People live in
• Multiple Cultural Worlds

47
Multiple Cultural Worlds

• class
• race
• ethnicity
• sex/gender
• age
• institutions

48
Multiple Cultural Worlds

• units of analysis may include
• one person (e.g., Paul Buffalo)
• the family (e.g., Strodtbeck)
• the community
• a region
• a culture
• national character (a nation)

49
The Three Major Contemporary Debates

• Biological Determinism
• vs. Cultural Constructionism (nature vs.
  nurture) (learned vs. inherited)
• Ideationism vs. Cultural Materialism
• Individual Agency vs. Structuralism (free
  will vs. power structures)