Title: Chemistry of Life
1Chemistry of Life
2Matter
- Anything that has mass and takes up space.
- 3 types of matter
- a). Solid
- b). Liquid
- c). Gas
3Solids
- Any substance that has a definite shape and
definite volume.
4LIQUID
- Any substance that has a definite volume but not
a definite shape. It takes the shape of its
container.
5Gas
- Any substance that has no definite shape or
definite volume.
6Physical Change
- Changing the physical properties of a substance
without changing the substance itself.
7Physical Properties
- The characteristics of a substance that you can
observe with the senses. - They include
shape
color
volume
texture
odor
8ATOMS
- The smallest particle of matter that can exist
and still have the properties of a particular
kind of matter.
9- Atoms are composed of
- 1. Nucleus central part of the atom
- 2. Protons positively charged particles ()
- 3. Neutrons uncharged particles
- 4. Electrons negatively charged particles (-)
electrons
protons
neutrons
orbit
10Orbits (Energy Levels)
- A region around the nucleus in specific energy
levels. - There are 7 energy levels known to date.
- 1st energy level holds a maximum of 2 electrons.
- 2nd energy level holds a maximum of 8 electrons.
- 3rd energy level holds a maximum of 18 electrons.
11Elements
- http//www.chemsoc.org/viselements
/pages/page3.html - Substances that are made up entirely of atoms of
the same kind and cannot be divided into simpler
substances by ordinary chemical means.
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13Symbol a shorthand method of representing an
element. Atomic Number - of protons in the
nucleus of the element. Atomic Mass Number -
protons of neutrons protons of
electrons atoms are electrically neutral
14How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are
found in the following atoms?
Calcium protons electrons neutrons
-
Iodine protons electrons neutrons -
I 53 53 74
Ca 20 20 20
Gold protons electrons neutrons -
Au 79 79 118
15Molecule the smallest part of a substance that
has all the chemical properties of that
substance. Made up of atoms of the same or
different kinds of atoms.Compound matter made
up of 2 or more atoms that are chemically
combined from different elements.
- H2O NH3 O2 2NaCl 4H2 CO2 He
16Chemical (Molecular) Formulas
- Shows the kind and number of atoms in a molecule
or compound. - Ex H2 - hydrogen gas
- H symbol
- 2 subscript
- 2 atoms of Hydrogen
- 2H2O C6H12O6
17Chemical Change
- Always uses or gives off energy
- Results in a new substance
- Ex H2 O2 ? 2H2O
- Na Cl ? NaCl
18Mixtures substances that are combined but not
changed chemically.Ex cereal milk vegetable
saladHow could a mixture of salt and water be
separated?2 types a) homogeneous one in
which the substances are evenly distributed. b)
heterogeneous the substances are not evenly
distributed.
19Mixtures
- Solution a mixture that is formed when the
molecules of one substance mix evenly with those
of another substance. - ex Kool-Aid lemonade
- Suspension a heterogeneous mixture containing
particles distributed with a liquid, gas, or
solid. - ex soil water RBC blood
- Colloid a mixture composed of particles
dispersed in a medium - ex gelatin (partly solid partly liquid)
- How is fog a
colloid?
20Acids Bases
- Acid a chemical that produces hydrogen ions in
a water solution. - Ex HCl H2SO4
- Base a chemical that produces hydroxide ions in
a water solution. - Ex NaOH
21pH
- pH scale scale for measuring how acidic or
basic various solutions are. - Ranges from 0 to 14
- a solution w/a pH of 7 is neutral
- a solution w/a pH below 7 (0 to 6.9) is acidic
- a solution w/a pH above 7 (7.1 to 14) is basic
- Ex stomach acid
- vinegar
- milk
- blood
- soap
1 3 6.5 7.3 10