Cell Structure

1
Cell Structure
2
Cell Theory

• All living things are composed of cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure and
  function in living things
• All cells come from pre-existing cells

3
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

• Prokaryotes do not have membrane bound
  organelles or a nucleus,
  all are unicellular
• Ex bacteria
• Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles and a
  nucleus, may be
  either unicellular or
  multicellular

4
Cell Membrane

• Regulates what enters leaves the cell.
  Protects supports the cell.
• Located around the outside of the cell.
• Made of a
  phospholipid
  bilayer with
  proteins and
  
  carbs.

5
Cell Wall

• Protects and gives structure to the cell.
• Located outside the cell membrane.
• Found in bacteria, fungi, and plants.

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Nucleus

• Information center of the cell. Contains DNA
  (chromatin), directs cellular activities.

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Cytoplasm

• Encases, cushions and protects the internal
  organelles
• Located between the nucleus and cell membrane.

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Mitochondria

• Makes energy for the cell.

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Chloroplast

• Makes sugar from sunlight
• Found in plants, some protists, and some bacteria

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Manufactures and transports materials.
• Smooth ER- walls are smooth, involved in lipid
  synthesis
• Rough ER ribosomes are stuck to its walls.
  Involved in protein synthesis.

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Ribosomes

• Makes proteins
• Composed of RNA and protein
• Some are attached to parts of the ER, some are
  free in the cytoplasm

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Golgi Apparatus

• Collect, modify, package, and distribute
  molecules (such as lipids and proteins from ER).

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Lysosomes

• Have enzymes that digest materials in the cell
  (food, foreign material, waste)
• Usually NOT
  found in plants.

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Vesicle

• Membrane bound sac that transports materials in
  and out of the cell.

15
Vacuoles

• Store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
• Much larger in plants cells than animal cells.

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Centrioles

• Involved in cell division.

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Cytoskeleton

• Framework in the cell
• Made of microfilaments (movement) and
  microtubules (structural support)

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