CHAPTER 17 LESSON 1 NOTES:

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CHAPTER 17 LESSON 1 NOTES THE AGE OF ABSOLUTISM
(1550 1800) A 16th to 19th century period of
time when European monarchs took autocratic
control, causing religious, civil, and political
wars THE HAPSBURG DYNASTY RULES SPAIN
H.R. Emperor Charles V is the grandson of
Spains Ferdinand and Isabella, who are known for
their successful efforts during the time period
called the Reconquista
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• Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor inherits
  Spanish monarchy as King Charles I
• heir to Austrian Sp. Hapsburg empire that
  includes the Netherlands the Americas
• adopts law called the Peace of Augsburg in1555
  during the Protestant Reformation that first
  began in the HRE (each German prince chooses his
  states religion of either
• Catholicism or
• Lutheranism
• son, Philip II, inherits all except the H.R.E.
  in 1556

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PHILIP II
husband to Englands Bloody Mary Tudor
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• Philip II rules Spain for the next 42 years,
  expanding Hapsburg influence, strengthening the
  Christian religion of Catholicism,
• reigning as an absolute, divine right monarch
  from his palace/monastary/church, the Escorial

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• gains Portugal its colonies, giving Philip II a
  world-wide empire
• defends Catholicism by defeating Muslim forces
  at the Battle of Lepanto in Ionian Sea off coast
  of Greece

Iberian Peninsula
P o r t u g a l
Spain
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• increases efforts of the Catholic Churchs
  Inquisition Courts to search out and try heretics
  according to canon law
• leads Spains Golden Age founds academies of
  science / mathematics participates as an art
  patron supporter
• was a conspirator in the Babington Plot to
  assassinate last Tudor ruler of England,
• Protestant Queen Elizabeth I and to replace her
  with dethroned Scottish queen, Mary Stuart,
  Catholic heir-apparent to the throne of England
• plot fails Mary Stuart, is tried for treason in
  England and beheaded

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• loses the Invincible Armada defeated by
  Englands Elizabeth I
  in1588

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• loses the Spanish Netherlands is
  defeated by military leader,
  
  William of Orange (the Silent) the
  Father of the Netherlands
  with use
  guerrilla warfare and the strategy of
• flooding the Dutch lowlands to drown
  the
  enemy William establishes an
• Independent Dutch republic, called
  the United Provinces the
  Netherlands which accepts all religious faiths
• Philip IIs successors weak contributed to the
  economic and political decline of Spain by the
  17th century
• France replaces Spain as the leading European
  power

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THE BOURBON DYNASTY RULES FRANCE
The arms of the House of Bourbon
One Bourbon king says, I am the trendsetter in
art, lit, architecture, clothing styles for
Europe for more than a half a century
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• the first Bourbon king converts from
  Calvinism as a Huguenot to Catholicism but the
  king then
• passes the Edict of Nantes, granting
  religious freedom to his former Huguenot
  association, thereby
• bringing peace to France

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Louis XIII
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• chooses Catholic Cardinal Richelieu as his
  most able chief minister who uses the more loyal
  middle class, the bourgeoisie
• in government positions rather than the
  power-hungry French nobles

a lover of 14 cats
The Cardinal made provision for all his cats,
and their two attendants in his will, but sadly,
as soon as he died, the soldiers of his Swiss
Guard burned the poor creatures to death as
vengeance for the many witches and their cats
that Richelieu had put to death in his lifetime.
in 16th 17th centuries, France put to death
75,000 witches their cats, if they could be
caught
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• Richelieus major goal is to increase the
  power of the French Bourbons in Europe while at
  the same time weakening the power of the Austrian
  Hapsburg dynasty by
• helping to defeat the Austrian Hapsburgs in the
  Thirty Years War (1618 1648) that began in the
  H.R.E. between Catholics and Calvinists in which
  Frances Catholic Cardinal Richelieu supports the
  Protestant side
• the Peace of Westphalia ends the war, recognizing
  Calvinism in the H.R.E. and allowing the French
  Bourbons to become Europes leading power, having
  now defeated the Hapsburgs

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• Louis XIV
• rules as the Sun King rules
• for 72 yrs. From 1643
• to 1715 Catholic,
• absolute, and a
• divine right king, who claims I am the state
• When France
• sneezes, all of Europe
• catches cold. (while Louis XIV rules)

Louis XIV - crowned by Providence, defended by
angels, trampling his enemies(Charles Lebrun,
1677) 
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• centralizes his government at the Palace of
  Versailles just 20 miles outside Paris

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• acquires a valuable region called Alsace, rich
  in coal and iron
• bases French economy on a strong favorable
  balance of trade, exporting more goods rather
  than importing too many goods
• revokes the Edict of Nantes, forcing many
• Huguenots to flee their
• homeland, demanding all in France
  to practice
• Catholicism

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• causes a balance of power struggle called the
• War of the Spanish Succession
• Louis claims empty throne of Spain causing a
  panic in Europe because two Bourbon kings would
  be sitting side by side, causing power to favor
  France

France
Spain
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• the Grand Alliance that includes Britain
  Prussia, defeats France, thus, preventing two
  Bourbon kings from ruling side by side
• Treaty of Utrecht ends conflict and allows
  France to keep Alsace if Louis agrees to never
  unite Spain France under one monarchy
• Hohenzollern dynasty of Prussia, becomes
  independent of the H.R.E. and the Hapsburgs

Find Prussia. What city is located within
Prussia?
Hohenzollern coat of arms
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• Great Britain becomes 1 colonial
• naval power in Europe
• Louis XIV dies at the age of 77, leaving a
  weakened France to his 5-yr. old great-grandson,
  Louis XV in 1715

takes throne at age 16
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• CHAPTER 17 TEST REVIEW SHEET
• 1. Which age is characterized by religious,
  civil, and
• political conflicts in Europe that were led by
  divine right rulers?
• Absolutism 
• Which ruler centralized his government from the
  Escorial, increased the efforts of the Catholic
  Inquisition, and his Armada was defeated by
  England?
• Philip II 
• Which Iberian territory gave this Spanish king a
  world-wide empire?
• Portugal
• Which religious group did Philips Catholic
  forces defeat at Lepanto?
• Muslims 
• 5. Which Hapsburg possession revolted against
  Philip
• with the use of guerrilla warfare and flooding
  its lowlands?
• the Netherlands

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• How did Henry IV of France bring peace to his
  country?
• passed the Edict of Nantes, giving religious
  freedom to Huguenots
•  
• Cardinal Richelieu worked to increase the power
  of the __ Dynasty and worked to weaken the
  __Dynasty.
• Bourbon / Hapsburg
•  
• a. Which Catholic French king was an absolute
  monarch who was known as the Sun King?
• Louis XIV
• b. Why was he named the Sun King?
• he claimed to be the center of the universe
• Which territory acquired by France was rich in
  coal and iron?
• Alsace

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NAME THE LEADER WHO   14. became known as the
Father of the Netherlands William of Orange
(the Silent) 21. married Bloody Mary Tudor
and unified Catholic Spain and England Philip
II NAME THE COUNTRY THAT 29. led Europe during
the 72-year reign of its Sun King
France IDENTIFY THE TERM OR LAW THAT 39. is
a French Calvinist Huguenot 42. is the French
middle class bourgeoisie 45. allowed Catholics
and Lutherans to practice their religions freely
in the H.R.E. Peace of Augsburg 47. gave
religious freedom to French Calvinists Edict
of Nantes