France: 1791-1795

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France 1791-1795

• Legislative Assembly
• National Convention
• Reign of Terror
• Thermidorian Reaction

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Why didnt the French Revolution end with the
creation of a new Constitution and Government in
1791?

• What factors prevented the resolution of the
  revolutionary fervor?

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Why? International Phase

• Emigres abroad
• Girondins (party of international revolution)
• Marquis de Condorcet
• Declare war on Austria April 1792 Expansion
  (Avignon, German lands)
• Treaty of Pillnitz (Prussian allies with Austria)
  
• Conservatism Edmund Burke
• Reflections on the Revolution in France

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The Political Spectrum
TODAY
1790s
The Plain(swing votes)
Montagnards(The Mountain)
Girondists
Monarchíen(Royalists)
Jacobins
Source Susan Pojer HGHS
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European Reaction
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The Jacobins
Robespierre
Sans-Culottes Parisian Working class
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Paris Commune Aug 1792

• Revolutionary municipal government
• Demanded greater democracy
• September Massacres (prompted by propaganda)
• Worsening economic conditions fueled civil unrest
• Losses on the battlefield (Brunswick Manifesto-
  July 1792) stirred patriotic excitement

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The Radical Second French Revolution Overview

• The National Convention
• 1792-1794
• Girondin Rule
• Jacobin Rule
• Reign of Terror
• Thermidorian Reaction

• The Directory
• 1795-1799

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What sparked the radical turn of the French
Revolution in 1792?
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The Death of Maratby Jacques Louis David, 1793
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The Assassination of Maratby Charlotte Corday
Paul JacquesAimeeBaudry, 19c
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National Convention

• 1792-1795

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Executed the King and Queen

• January 1793
• Marie Executed in October 1793

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New Government, Again!

• New Constitution
• National Convention
• real democratic reforms
• Universal male suffrage, abolition of slavery,
  end of all manorial policies (as liberal as it
  will become!)
• Military Success (Levee in Masse)
• Differing views intenstify

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Maximillian Robespierre(1758 1794)
The Incorruptible? To punish the oppressors of
humanity is clemency to forgive them is
barbarity.  Maximilien Robespierre, 1794
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Georges Danton
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Reign of Terror 9.1793 - 7.1794

• Committee of Public Safety (12 members)
• Revolutionary Courts
• Guillotine
• De-Christianization (New Calendar)
• Law of General Maximum Economic Controls
• Law of Suspects restrictions liberties (speech,
  press, assembly)
• Gave republicanism a bad name!

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Temple of Reason
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The Reign of Terror
Let terror be the order of the day! The
government in a revolution is the despotism of
liberty against tyranny.

• Estimates have
• 16,594 executed by guillotine (2,639 in Paris),
• another 25,000 in summary executions across
  France.

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Different Social Classes Executed
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8
28
25
31
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Thermidorian Reaction

• July 1794
• Executed Robespierre and 83 associates
• Began the reversal radical democratic policies
  (universal male suffrage, abolition of slavery)
• Established the Directory in October 1795
• Enter Napoleon