Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

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Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

• Chapter 7 Section 2

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August 4, 1789

• Nobles declared their love of liberty and
  equality
• Motivation FEAR!
• Joined the National Assembly
• Did away with the Old Regime Estates

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The Declaration of the Rights of Man

• Statement of revolutionary ideals
• Adopted by the National Assembly
• Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
• Blend of the U.S. Bill of Rights and Declaration
  of Independence

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A State-Controlled Church

• Early reforms focused on the church
• Seized church property paid off debt
• Church officials were to be elected paid as
  state officials
• Devout Catholic peasants were appalled they
  believed the church should be independent from
  the statethey no longer supported the assembly.

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Louis XVI tries to escape

• Warned that he and his family were in danger
• June 1791, they tried to escape to the Austrian
  Netherlands
• They were apprehended at the border and brought
  back to Paris
• This intensified the hatred of his enemies

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A Limited Monarchy

• 1791 the National Assembly had created a new
  constitution
• Louis XVI reluctantly approved
• It stripped the king of his absolute authority
• It created a Legislative Assembly that would
  create laws that the king would have to enforce

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Factions Split France

• The countries problems split the Legislative
  Assembly into 3 groups
• Radicals-opposed the idea of a monarchy and
  wanted many government reforms
• Moderates-wanted some changes
• Conservatives-wanted few changes

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Other Influences

• Émigrés-wanted to undo the Revolution and
  reinstate the Old Regime
• Sans-Culottes-wanted the Revolution to bring even
  more changes to France

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War

• Austria Prussia urged the French people to
  restore Louis XVI as an absolute monarch
• As a result, France declared war
• The Prussian commander threatened to destroy
  Paris if anyone harmed the royal family.

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War

• An angry mob of 20,000 men broke into the castle,
  killing guards, and imprisoning the royal family
• Fear spread that the royal family would be
  released by a sympathizerpeople went wild!
• The king was deposed and a new legislature was
  elected

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New Legislature

• Elected
• Declared France a republic
• Granted adult male citizens the right to vote

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Jacobins

• Members of a radical political organization
• Jean-Paul Marat (a famous member) called for the
  death of all those who continued to support the
  king
• Louis XVI was now a common citizen and prisoner

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Maximillen Robespierre

• Slowly gained power
• Made a new calendar, renamed the months, and
  included no Sundays
• Religion was old-fashioned and dangerous
• Wanted to wipe away every trace of Frances past

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Reign of Terror

• Robespierre governed France as a dictator
• Had enemies tried in the morning and guillotined
  in the afternoon
• Many enemies were fellow radicals who
  challenged his leadership
• Marie Antoinette was also executed
• A boy was executed for chopping down a liberty
  tree

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Reign of Terror

• Georges Danton was executed
• At his trial he defended himself so well that
  they denied him the right to speak
• Dont forget to show my head to the people. Its
  well worth seeing.

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Reign of Terror

• As many as 40,000 were executed during this
  period
• 85 were peasants, urban workers, or the middle
  class those who actually launched the revolution

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End of Terror

• July of 1794, fearing for their own safety,
  members of the National Convention turned on
  Robespierre.
• July 28, 1794 Robespierre went to the guillotine

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A new form of government

• 1795
• Placed power firmly in the hands of the upper
  middle class
• Two-House legislature
• Directoryan executive body of 5 men
• Chose Napoleon Bonaparte to command Frances army