The Muscular System

1
The Muscular System

• Main function is to provide movement
• works with skeletal system to provide voluntary
  movement
• helps to circulate blood
• move food through digestive system

2
The three types of muscle

• Skeletal muscle - voluntary muscle, is found
  throughout the body, attached to bones, striated
  (striped appearance), many nuclei.
• Smooth muscle usually involuntary, surround
  stomach, blood vessels and intestines. Smooth
  muscles move food through digestive tract,
  control the flow of blood, change size of pupils
  in the eyes to adjust to light. No stripes in
  appearance and one nucleus.
• Cardiac muscle only in the heart, involuntary,
  striated like skeletal, one nucleus like smooth
  muscles.

3
Voluntary

• Movement we choose to do.
• Running, walking, swimming, dancing, lifting,
  sitting.

4
Involuntary

• Automatic Movement
• Digesting food, heart beating,
• breathing, blinking

5
The Skeletal System

• Supports the body
• Protects internal organs
• Provides movement
• Stores mineral reserves
• Provides a site for blood cell formation

6
Joints

• where two or more bones meet, most allow movement
  but some are fixed

7
4 types of Freely Movable Joints

• Hinge Joint
• allow back and forth movement (like a door hinge)
• In elbows, knees, fingers, toes

8
Ball-and-socket Joint

• allow rotational movements
• in hips, shoulders

9
Pivot Joint

• allow bones to twist against each other
• In elbow and between neck vertebrate

10
Saddle/Gliding Joint

• allow bones to slide against each other
• In wrists ankles

11
BonesMade of living cells, mainly calcium

• Compact Bone hard bone surrounds entire bone
• Spongy Bone inside compact bone, less dense,
• filled w/many holes
• Bone marrow Center cavity

12
2 types of Bone Marrow

• Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white
  blood cells, platelets
• Yellow bone marrow consists of fat, which
  stores energy, found in hollow interior of long
  bones

13
Development of Bones

• Cartilage - skeleton of an embryo (fetus) is
  composed of this type of connective tissue
• Cartilage is replaced by bone in the process of
  ossification
• In late teens/early 20s, cartilage growth plates
  replaced by bone

14

• Ligament a tough band of connective tissue
  connects bones to bones
• Tendons thick bands of connective tissue
  attach muscles to bones

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