End of Reconstruction Chapter 12 Section 3

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End of ReconstructionChapter 12 Section 3
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Objectives

• Explain why Reconstruction ended.
• Evaluate the successes and failures of
  Reconstruction.

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Grants Scandals
National scandals Grants Vice President was
involved in a scheme to steal profits from the
railroads. Members of Grants administration
were suspected of corruption.
Local scandals Politician William Boss Tweed
and the Tweed Ring stole money from New York
Citys treasury. Many city officials sold
contracts to their friends across the country.
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Dwindling Reconstruction

• Immigration increased in the North and West.
• Corruption and intrigue in politics.
• In 1873, the economy of the North became unstable
  when national banks failed.

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Bad Economy Shifts Focus from Reconstruction

• In 1873, one of the nations most influential
  banks failed.
• The bank had overextended loans to the railroad
  industry.
• A loss of jobs, bank failures, and economic
  depression in the North followed.

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The End of Reconstruction

• Radical Republicans lost power.
• Military operations in the South became too
  expensive.
• Starting in 1871, federal troops were withdrawn
  from the South.
• In 1872, the Freedmans Bureau was dissolved.
• Radical Republican leader, Charles Sumner died in
  1874.

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Power to the States
Slaughterhouse Cases The Court restricted the
scope of the Fourteenth Amendment. 1873 A
citizen has certain national rights, but it was
up to the state to choose how to define the
rights for those who lived there. 1876 Due
process and equal protection clauses protected
citizens only from the actions of the state, not
from other citizens.
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Restricting African-Americans Rights
Southern Democrats created a coalition of
Redeemers who worked together to redeem, or
reclaim, the South from northerners and blacks.
The Klan used violence.
The courts used legal interpretation.
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In the election of 1876, Democratic candidate
Tilden received 51 percent of the vote.
Republicans claimed votes had been miscounted.
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Compromise of 1877

• Rutherford B. Hayes became President.
• Remaining federal troops were withdrawn from the
  South.
• A southerner was appointed to a powerful cabinet
  position.
• Southern states were guaranteed federal subsidies
  to build railroads and improve their ports.

By balancing the needs of the North and the
South, Congress compromise marked the end of
Reconstruction.
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The Effects of Reconstruction

• For African Americans
• gave African Americans some opportunities
• reunited black families
• provided educational opportunities

• For everyone
• tax-supported school system
• modernized railroads
• increased variety of the Souths crops

• For women
• no voting rights

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Reconstruction influenced how African Americans
were represented in government.
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Civil War Impact on National Politics
Democratic Party
became the party of industrial workers
came to dominate the white South

Republican Party
became known as the party of Lincoln
associated with freeing the slaves
became the party of big business
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The Civil War affected the balance of power
between the federal government and the states.
Over time, Americans chose to let the South tend
to its own affairs despite the price paid by
newly freed slaves.
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Objectives

• Explain why Reconstruction ended.
• Evaluate the successes and failures of
  Reconstruction.