Plant Growth and Adaptations

1
Plant Growth and Adaptations
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Chandelier Tree - California
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Venus Fly Trap
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Soil and Minerals

• Soil contains a number of important nutrients
  needed by plants.
• Plants absorb minerals from the soil (in water)
  and distribute them to all cells.

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Soil Layers

• Plants adapt to different soil types.
• Plants grow in the top 3 layers
• O Humus
• A Topsoil
• B Subsoil
• C Bedrock
• Legumes use Nitrogen Fixation to absorb
  Nitrogen directly

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Minerals - The Big Three

• In organic Fertilizers contain
• -Nitrogen (N) Promotes green growth
• -Phosphorus (P) roots flowers
• -Potassium (K) hardiness (overwinter)
• The 3 numbers represent the of the three
  elements in order (N, P, K)

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Organic Vs. Inorganic

• Read Page 560
• Write down a definition for
• -Organic Fertilizer
• -Inorganic Fertilizer
• What is the advantage of using organic
  fertilizers?
• Release Nutrients slowly nutrients wont get
  washed away easily

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Which Fertilizer?

• With a partner complete the Discovering Biology
  activity on P.560
• High Veggie Yield 12-12-12
• Winter lawn 10-4-14
• Lush green lawn 25-3-5
• New lawn from seed 20-27-5
• Many Flowers 10-20-10

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It all starts with a seed

• Most seeds go through a period of dormancy.
• When conditions are favourable, the seed will
  germinate.

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Geotropism Lab Setup

• Setup your petri dishes with radish seeds and
  watch them grow!!

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Seed Anatomy

• Seed coat
• -Protection from damage and drying out.
• Cotyledon
• -stored food for growing embryo during
  germination.
• Embryo
• -Baby plant that remains dormant until
  germination.
• Radicle The primary shoot out of the seed
• Germination
• -The process that occurs between the time the
  seed coat cracks open until the first leaves
  appear.

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Germination

• 1. Seed ends its dormancy
• 2. The embryo releases the hormone Gibberellin
  (this starts the release of digestive enzymes
  which convert the stored starches in cotyledon
  into sugars for anaerobic cellular respiration)

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Germination

• 3. The seed absorbs water, swells, seed coat
  cracks
• 4. Oxygen can now be absorbed so aerobic
  respiration begins.
• 5. Rapid growth (mitosis) of radicle occurs.
• Sketch diagram 17.12 on Page 563

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Root Growth The Zones

• Root Cap Strong tip for protection
• Zone of Growth (Apical Meristem) Initial
  Growth/Division
• Zone of Elongation Cells lengthen and elongate
• Zone of Maturation Cells mature and specialize

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Roots Up close!

• Complete the microviewer activity!

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Adaptations

• Using your text (P. 563), identify two plant
  adaptations to the following environments
• -Desert -Cold Climate
• -Wet -Fire
• -Nutrient-Poor Soil -Shade

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Desert

• Waxy cuticle (cactus)
• Small or no leaves
• Extensive Root systems
• Quick Germination and Rapid Growth
• Hardy seeds

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Wet Environments

• Floating leaves
• Specialized roots
• Hollow stems for oxygen transport
• Stoma on top of leaf

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Fire Adaptations

• Seeds need to be singed to germinate
• Fireweed quick growth after fire
• Ash environment ideal for young seedlings

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Fireweed!
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Cold Climates

• Flowers act as solar collectors
• Leafs drop off
• Dormant period

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Nutrient-Poor Soil

• Carnivorous plants capture insects for
  nutrition
• Parasitic plants (vines)

Mistletoe!
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Shade Adaptations

• Smaller plants bloom early (before maples!)
• Rapid growth

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Plant Hormones

• Complete the worksheet using P. 568 as a reference

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Farmer for a day!

• Pretend you are a commercial
• farmer and want to maximize
• your long term profit.
• Each group will pick a plant hormone and explain
  (in a creative way!)
• The benefits of using it on your crops
• The risks of using it on your crops