The Latin American Independence Movement

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The Latin American Independence Movement

• SS6H2 The student will explain the development of
  Latin America and the Caribbean from European
  colonies to independent nations.

2
Colonization

• The governments of Spain and Portugal ruled most
  of Latin America for nearly three hundred years.
• The American Revolution of 1776 gave Latin
  Americans the idea that they too could be free.

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Toussaint LOuverture

• He was born a slave in the mid-1700s.
• His father had been a free African who was
  captured and sold into slavery in Saint Domingue.
• Toussaint was allowed to learn to read and write
  by his plantation owner.
• He became a famous black freedom fighter.
• He was a major leader of the slave revolts in
  Saint Domingue (Present Day-Haiti)

4
The French Revolution

• The French Revolution of 1789
• The new French government gained freedom for all
  free blacks and mulattoes (those of African and
  European ancestors).
• Plantation owners in Saint Dominque were furious.
  
• In 1791, the French government changed its mind
  and took back the freedom it had given the blacks
  and mulattoes.

5
Slave Revolt

• Toussaint led a slave army and defeated the
  French troops.
• By 1793, the French government had abolished
  slavery altogether.
• Toussaint lead his men against invading British
  and Spanish troops.
• In the end, Toussaint was left in charge of
  Domingue even though it was officially a French
  colony.

6
Emperor Napoleon and Toussaint

• In 1802, the French emperor Napoleon sent troops
  to Saint Domingue to regain control .
• He tricked Toussaint!
• He was sent to France and placed in prison where
  he died.
• Within two years, the people of Saint Domingue
  declared their independence and renamed their
  country Haiti.

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Question 248

• Toussaint LOuverture was famous for his role in
  gaining independence for which country?
• A. Cuba
• B. Haiti
• C. Mexico
• D. Venezuela

8
Question 249

• Which countrys government imprisoned Toussaint
  LOuverture?
• A. France
• B. Great Britain
• C. Haiti
• D. Spain

9
Question 250

• Which important goal did Toussaint LOuverture
  want to achieve?
• A. freedom for the slaves in Saint Domingue
• B. Improve production on sugar cane plantations

10
Question 251

• Which childhood event allowed Toussaint
  LOuverture to learn ides about freedom and
  equality?
• A. His owner allowed him to learn to read and
  write.
• B. He made a trip to France.

11
Simon Bolivar

• Simon Bolivar was a leader in the wars for
  independence in South America. He and other
  leaders fought against Spanish rule.

12

• Simon Bolivar and other leaders wanted
  independence for all people in Latin America.
  Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and
  Venezuela won their independence through his
  efforts.

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Biography of Simon Bolivar

• Bolivar was born in 1783, in Caracas, in what is
  now Venezuela. He was from a wealthy family. He
  had an excellent education and read many books
  with ideas on freedom and equality.
• He lived at the time of the French Revolution and
  learned of the defeat of the French royal family.

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1810-1824

• Bolivar led different groups of troops against
  Spanish rule. He fought in the lands that are now
  Venezuela, Colombia, and Panama.
• He was able to finally defeat the Spanish in 1824
  and end Spanish rule in South America.

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Bolivia

• The country of Bolivia was named in honor of
  Bolivar, and he wrote a constitution to organize
  the country.
• Bolivar is known as The Liberator in South
  America. He is also known as the George
  Washington of South America.

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Simon Bolivar as Dictator

• He became dictator and tried to create a single,
  large South American country called Gran
  Colombia.
• It covered the entire northern part of South
  America. Fights among different groups caused the
  different countries to break up.

• Bolivar became infected with tuberculosis and
  died from the disease in 1830.

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Grand Colombia Map
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252. Simon Bolivar was known as the liberator for
which people?

• A. Indigenous people
• B. Mexicans
• C. South Americans
• D. Spanish soldiers

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253. Which country got its independence because
of Simon Bolivars efforts?

• A. Canada
• B. Mexico
• C. United States
• D. Venezuela

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254. Which countrys revolution encouraged
Bolivar to fight for independence?

• A. France
• B. Mexico
• C. Spain
• D. Venezuela

21
255. Which country did Bolivar and his fellow
patriots fight against?

• A. France
• B. Mexico
• C. Spain
• D. Venezuela

22
Miguel Hidalgo

• He is known as the father of Mexican
  independence.
• He was a priest who led a peasant army against
  the Spanish army in Mexico, which was then called
  New Spain. His army won some victories, but he
  did not live to see independence.

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Biography of Hidalgo

• He was born in 1753. his family saw that he got a
  good education.
• He enjoyed reading books with ideas on freedom
  and equality.
• He saw that there was no equality for the peasant
  workers in Mexico.
• He saw that people born in Spain got special
  treatment compared to people born in Mexico.

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He trained to be a priest and worked among the
native people and peasants

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Hidalgo and the Independence Movement

• In 1810, France invaded Spain, and the king was
  removed.
• This created problems in Mexico.
• People in Mexico were not sure they supported the
  new French government.
• Others did not support the old Spanish
  government.

• Hidalgo and several of his friends were a part of
  a third group that believed it was time for
  Mexico to be independent.

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1810-1821

• Hidalgo was warned that he was going to be
  arrested. Those loyal to the French government
  turned him in.
• On September 16, Hidalgo gave a speech
  encouraging freedom for Mexico.
• Thousands followed Hidalgo and they won many
  victories against the Spanish.

• Unfortunately, Hidalgo and his followers did not
  have many weapons.
• The Spanish took Hidalgo prisoner. He was tried
  and executed for treason.
• He was executed by Spanish soldiers on July 30,
  1811.
• In 1821, Spain withdrew its last troops from
  Mexico.

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256. Miguel Hidalgo was known as the father of
independence for which country?

• A. Bolivia
• B. Mexico
• C. Peru
• D. Venezuela

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257. What job did Miguel Hidalgo have in Mexico?

• A. general
• B. peasant
• C. priest
• D. soldier

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258. What event caused people in Mexico to begin
to think about independent?

• A. France took over Spain and removed the king.
• B. Mexico had many peasants who were unhappy.
• C. Spain sent additional troops to fight against
  Hidalgo.
• D. Thousands of people followed Hidalgo after his
  speech.