LEQ: How do biological molecules store information?

1
LEQ How do biological molecules store
information?

• Reading 32.1, 2.3
• Activator foundations
• In your group, discuss how a building is built.
  Where does a contractor start, what materials
  will he/she need, etc.
• Key terms monomer, polymer, carbohydrate,

2
Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties

• Covalently bond with up to four other atoms
• Straight chains
• Branches
• Rings

3
Biomolecules that consist of monomers have the
potential to store information.

• Based on sequence
• Monomers individual subunits (various types)
• Polymers are made of many monomers.

4
Carbohydrates have roles in energy storage and
cellular structure

• Polymer polysaccharide
• Monomer monosaccharide

5

• Sources of carbon for building new molecules

• Highly redundant structure information poor

6
Summary

• Explain the relationship between a polymer and
  monomer
• Use an example, analogy or metaphor that is
  informational

7

• Proteins are large molecules made of amino acids.

• Twenty (two) different amino acids are used to
  build proteins in organisms.
• Amino acids have unique properties based on R
  groups
• left general amino acid structure
• Serine (below) is polar (hydrophilic)

8

• Polypeptides consist amino acids linked by
  peptide bonds.

9

• Polypeptides differ in number and order of amino
  acids.
• A protein is made of at least one polypeptide
• Amino acids interact to give a protein its shape.

• Incorrect amino acids change a proteins
  structure and function.

10

• Nucleic acids are biomolecules consisting of
  monomers called nucleotides.

11

• Nucleotides have three parts

12

• Polynucleotides have unique sequences of bases
• Capable of hydrogen bonding with other
  polynucleotides

13
Questions two-minute talks

• Explain how polymers are a source of information
  for cells
• how do cells store this information?
• Create an analogy to describe the relationship
  between polymers and words/alphabet.

14

• Lipids are nonpolar macromolecules that include
  fats, oils, and cholesterol.

• Not a polymer, but have parts
• Many contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol
  (sugar)

15

• Fats and oils have different types of fatty
  acids.

Unsaturated fats can be liquid at room temp
Saturated fats are solid at room temp
Saturated fat
double bond causes bending
16

• Cholesterol is a steroid used to make hormones
  and cell membranes

17

• Phospholipids have polar heads and nonpolar
  tails

Phosphate
Hydrophilic head
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Hydrophobic tails
Hydrophilic head
Hydrophobic tails

• (b)

Space-filling model

• (a)

• (c)

Structural formula
Phospholipid symbol
18
(No Transcript)
19
Summary
Biomolecule Monomer or basic components Polymer or types Function(s) Looks like
Carbohydrate
Nucleic acid
Protein
Lipid
20
Summary

• What are the four main classes of macromolecules?
• Which include polymers?
• What is the relationship between a polymer and
  monomer?
• Explain how both nucleic acids and proteins are
  polymers. Be sure to describe the monomers that
  make up the polymers.
• How are carbohydrates and lipids similar? How
  are they different?
• Explain how the bonding properties of carbon
  atoms result in the large variety of carbon-based
  molecules in living things.