RESPIRATION

1
RESPIRATION

• Exchange of gases (O2 and CO2)
• Diffusion through a thin moist membrane
• Nose
• 2 nostrils
• Air warmed and filtered
• Cilia and mucus

2

• Pharynx
• Throat
• Trachea
• Rings of cartilage windpipe
• Epiglottis flap over opening
• Larynx voice box holding vocal cords
• Adams Apple large piece of cartilage result
  of testosterone
• Bronchi
• Right Bronchus shorter, wider, straighter than
  the left
• Lungs
• Covered by pleura (slimy covering)

3

• Bronchioles
• Little branches of bronchi
• Alveoli
• Air sacs surrounded by capillaries increased
  surface area
• Look like bunches of grapes thin walls
  (diffusion)
• 1 million in each lung

4
Mechanics of Respiration

• Diaphragm
• thin, flat muscle between the thorax
• and the abdomen connected to the
• medulla (brain) by the phrenic nerve
• Inhalation
• Diaphragm contracts and flattens Ribs out/up
  Chest cavity enlarges (Vol. Up/Pressure down) O2
  moves into lungs
• Exhalation
• Diaphragm relaxes into upside down U Intercostal
  muscles pull ribs together Chest cavity smaller
  (Vol. Down/ Pressure up) CO2 moves out

5
Chemistry of Respiration

• Transportation of O2
• Hemoglobin O2 as . Oxyhemoglobin
• Transportation of CO2
• CO2 H2O as . Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
• External Respiration between the alveoli and the
  blood
• Internal Respiration between blood and cells

6
Respiratory Problems

• Laryngitis inflammation of the larynx
• Bronchitis inflammation of the bronchi
• Pneumonia fluid in the alveoli
• Emphysema collapse of the alveoli
• Asthma constriction of the bronchioles
• Hiccups spasms of the diaphragm
• Sneeze irritation in the nasal passages
• Cough irritation in the lower respiratory tract
• Lung Cancer tumors/related to smoking