Classifying Matter

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Classifying Matter
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ATOM

• Atom the smallest unit of an element that
  maintains the properties of that element.

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Pure Substance

• A sample of matter, either a single element or a
  single compound, that has definite chemical and
  physical properties

Figure 14, Page 22
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Elements

• A pure substance that contains only one kind of
  atom
• All atoms of the same element have the same
  atomic number

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Compounds

• A pure substance that is made up of two or more
  different elements joined by chemical bonds.

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Molecules

• The smallest unit of a substance that keeps all
  of the physical and chemical properties of that
  substance.

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All of the following are molecules, but are they
compounds or elements?
Element

• Br2
• H2O
• O2
• O3
• C12H22O12

Compound
Element
Element
Compound
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Mixtures

• A combination of two or more substances that are
  not chemically combined.
• Examples are air, ice tea, and even cake batter
• The proportions of the substances can vary

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Homogeneous Mixtures

• have a uniform structure or composition
  throughout
• any two samples taken will have the same
  proportions of ingredients
• Examples Gasoline, air, and syrup

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Heterogeneous Mixtures

• NOT evenly mixed.
• Different regions will have different proportions
• Examples Pulpy Orange Juice, chocolate chip
  cookie dough, and granite.

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Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures
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Separating Mixtures

• Since mixtures are just physically combined, they
  can be separated.

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Separating Mixtures

• Some Methods include
• Filtering separation of a mixtures components
  through differences in particle size
• Decanting a fancy term for separating two
  components by pouring
• Distillation used to separate two liquids based
  on their differences in boiling points
• Magnetism used to separate magnetic substances
• Evaporation removing a liquid to leave a solid
  behind
• Centrifuge separates substances of different
  densities using a fast rotational motion
• Chromatography Separates two substances by
  using a mobile phase and a stationary phase

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Physical Changes

• A change of matter from one form to another
  without changing the substance itself.
• A ? A
• Examples phase changes, mixtures

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Chemical Changes

• when one or more substances change into entirely
  new substances with different properties
• A B ? C (reactants go to products)

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Chemical or Physical

• Frying an egg - Chemical
• Boiling Water - Physical
• Sanding a wooden plank - Physical
• Digesting food - Chemical
• Popping a balloon - Physical