Properties of Matter Science

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Properties of MatterScience
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Matter

• Its what the worlds made of.

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What do you know about matter?
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Solids

• Solids hold their own shape.
• Solids have weight.
• Solids take up space.

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Liquids

• Liquids take the shape of their container.
• Liquids have weight.
• Liquids take up space.

!
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Gases

• Gases spread out to fill the entire space given.
• Gases have weight.
• Gases take up space.

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Plasma

• Lightning is a plasma.
• Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights.
• Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are
  electrically charged.

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STATES of matter?

• What would it take for matter to move
  from one state to another?

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Energy determines the state!
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Particles in Solids

• Are packed tightly together
• Have very little energy

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Particles in Liquids

• Are loosely packed
• Have medium energy levels

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Particles in Gases

• Move freely
• Have LOTS of energy

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Particles in Plasma

• Are electrically charged
• Have EXTREMELY high energy levels

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Mixtures may be in different phases

• Solid?
• Liquid?
• Gas?
• Plasma?

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Add or Subtract Energy. . .
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What will happen? Why?
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Solid Energy ?

• When energy is added to solids, they become
  liquids!
• Examples?

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Liquid Energy ?

• When energy is added to liquids, they become
  gases!
• What examples can you think of?

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Changing States

• There are several names for matter changing
  states
• State change
• Phase change
• Physical change

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So, did we get something new?

• Ice cream and melted ice cream?
• Chocolate and melted chocolate?
• Ice, water, and water vapor?
• Steel and molten steel?

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Physical Properties

• Physical Properties
• A characteristic of a substance that can be
  observed or measured without changing the
  substance
• Ex shape, color, length, mass, volume, density,
  odor, texture, states of matter, melting and
  boiling point

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• Weight measure the gravitational force
  exerted on an object. Can be expressed
• in either newtons and/or pounds.
• Inertia the tendency of all objects to resist
  any change in motion. Mass is a measure
  of inertia.

N
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3
cm
Kg
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Measuring Volume

• Volume length x width x height (cm³)
• Look at the meniscus when measuring liquid in a
  graduated cylinders, beakers, measuring cups,
  etc...
• Displacment
• measure the liquid
• Put irregular object in the container
• Measure liquid
• Subtract
• Finish Start volume

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Pretend you can only feel the object in the bag.
Can you guess what it is?
Some Physical Properties
round
smooth
hard
about the size of your fist
Click here for mystery object.
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• Thermal
• Density
• Solubility

• State
• Ductility
• Malleability

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Physical Changes

• Physical Changes do not change the composition.
  The substance may look different but the identity
  does not change
• Grinding
• Cutting
• Coloring
• Dissolving
• Changes in the state
• Can usually be changed back

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Chemical Properties

• Chemical Properties
• Any characteristic that gives a substance the
  ability to undergo a change that results in a new
  substance
• Ex Flammability,
• Ability to react with oxygen, electricity,
  light, water, heat etc

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Chemical Properties

• The ability to change into a new matter with
  different properties.

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• Reactivity
• Nonreactivity
• Flammability
• Nonflammability

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Whats the difference?

• Physical Properties - Can be measured or
  observed. Do NOT change the chemical nature of
  matter properties.
• Chemical Properties Describes how something will
  react. DO change the chemical nature of matter
  properties

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Chemical Changes

• Chemical Changes are changes in the identity of a
  substance due to the chemical properties
• Bubbles
• Color change (why did it change color?)
• Production of Heat or Cold
• Production of Light
• Production of Smoke
• Formation of a new substance
• Cannot usually be changed back

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Make a T chart in your spiralClassify each of
the following as physical or chemical
Gas production Tarnishing
Souring Expanding
Cooling Heating
Digesting Rusting
Denting Squeezing
Sawing Light production
Burning Dissolving
Stretching Rotting
Cutting Change of temperature
Melting Freezing
New substance Mixing
Drying Contracting
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Make a T chart in your spiralClassify each of
the following as physical or chemical
C Gas production C Tarnishing
C Souring P Expanding
P Cooling P Heating
C Digesting C Rusting
P Denting P Squeezing
P Sawing C Light production
C Burning P Dissolving
P Stretching C Rotting
P Cutting C Change of temperature
P Melting P Freezing
C New substance P Mixing
P Drying P Contracting
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Changes in Energy

• Endothermic energy is absorbed from the
  surroundings temperature decreases
• Ex Ice Melting
• Exothermic energy is released into the
  surroundings temperature increases
• water freezing

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Classify the Following as Endothermic or
Exothermic

• Burning a match
• Exothermic
• Photosynthesis
• Endothermic
• Condensation on a window
• Exothermic

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Classify the Following as Endothermic or
Exothermic

• Candle Flame flickering
• Exothermic
• Evaporation of water
• Endothermic
• Melting an ice cream cone
• Endothermic

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Classify the Following as Endothermic or
Exothermic

• Cooking an Egg
• Endothermic
• Freezing dinner
• Exothermic
• Baking Bread
• Endothermic

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Classify the Following as Endothermic or
Exothermic
Exothermic
Endothermic
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Rate of Reaction

• Reactions can vary in speed
• Changes in Size, Concentration and Temperature
  can change reaction speed
• Catalysts speed up reactions
• Inhibitors slow them down

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Law of Conservation of Mass

• Matter cannot be created or destroyed
• In other words, the mass you end up with is
  always the same as what you start with
• Then where does the mass go sometimes? Ex Wood
  for a campfire