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Idioms in the world, the classroom and
English as a Lingua Franca
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What is English as a Lingua Franca?
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English when it used as a contact language
between people from different languages
(including native English speakers) (Jenkins,
2014 24).
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EFL
E L F
ESL
L1
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What is the place of idiomaticity in English as
a Lingua Franca?
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idiomatic usage, slang, phrasal verbs, puns,
proverbs, cultural allusions and the like...as
far as ELF is concerned, this sort of knowledge
of the English language is irrelevant (Jenkins,
2000 220).
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What do we mean by idiomaticity?
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an idiom is a combination of two or more words
which function as a unit of meaning.
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She turned on me A different kettle of
_____ (to be) glad to see the _____ of
(someone) To put your ______ in it
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She turned on me A different kettle of fish (to
be) glad to see the back of (someone) To put
your foot in it
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What can happen to idioms in the classroom?
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I learnt how to make Turkish coffee easily, but
Italian espresso was a completely different
kettle of fishes.
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Mrs Johnson said she was glad to see Pablos back
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Raffaella was having an argument with her sister
when she suddenly turned me on
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Id forgotten that Mrs Matthews sister died
last week, so when I asked who the photograph was
of, I really put my foot on it.
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Why is idiomaticity important?
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Idiomaticity fluency (?)
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tested
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Idiomaticity embodies shared knowledge and
culture
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What happens when shared knowledge and shared
culture are absent?
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unilateral idiomaticity
situations in ELF when
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• Rafael Benitez ex-manager of Liverpool football
  club

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Journalist Rafa, you seemed to be under the
cosh a little bit, didn't you?
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• Rafa Benitez
• Yes, I thought we played very good football and
  we pressed and pressed them and did well to
  convert our chances.

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Two Can and must play at the idiom game
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Benitez Some people cannot see a priest on a
mountain of sugar
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Benitez We have a saying in Spanish White
liquid in a bottle has to be milk
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These idioms involve both the influence of the
speakers first language and the desire to
accommodate towards an interlocutor to enhance
understanding (Jenkins, 2014 34)
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What can we do with idiomaticity in the ELF
classroom?
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Teaching and testing
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Shuttling between varieties
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EFL
E L F
ESL
L1
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We have to move from an either/or orientation in
the testing debate to a both and more
perspective Canagarajah, 2006 233-239





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Posing the options as either native English
norms or new Englishes norms is misleading a
proficient speaker of English in the postmodern
world needs both. That is, the ability to
negotiate varieties Canagarajah, 2006 233-239
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In the classroom principles

• Encourage intercultural understanding and
  accommodation
• Aim for comfortable intelligibility

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In the classroom practice

• noticing activities
• translation
• paraphrase
• contrastive idiomaticity
• songs
• poems
• newspapers
• podcasts
• the internet
• set up interactive contexts
• idioms in discourse

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EFL
E L F
ESL
L1
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ELF a jointly-performed dance (Aston, 1993
228)