Characteristics of Web Ontology

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Characteristics of Web Ontology

• Ontology
• Web Ontology
• ??????
• Ontology ???
• DL????,??
• A Web of Ontologies ????

step1
step2
step3
references
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Ontology

• Ontology ???,????? being????????????ontology
  ??????,???????????,?????????????beings,???beings??
  ??????
• Ontology is the theory of objects and their ties
  . An ontology is a specification of a
  conceptualization
• An Ontology ?????????,?????????,????????????

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Ontology ? ???????????

• ??Ontology ???????,???????????,????????
• ????????,
• ?????????????????????,
• ??,???????,???????,???????,????,?????????,
• ????????????,
• ?????,?????????,??????????
• ??? ??????????????????
• ?????????,???????,??????

4
??,????????,??????

• ??? ?? ?? ??, ??google ??,
• ???? 30 ?????????????
• ?ontology ????????
• ??????,???????????????????????

5
Dangdang
google
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An Ontology ????????

• ?????????
• ?????????,? ??????? ???
• ????????????,? ?????????????,?????????,??????????
  ??????,??,????????????????????,

• ?????????
• Metadata?,??????????????,??????????????ontology
• ??????????????,???????????????????????,--????

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???????

• ??ontology , ????????????????,???????????????????,
  
• ??????,??,????????????????????,????????
• ?is-a?part-of????,???????
• ???????,????????????????,????,???? ,???????
  ?????????????????????????????,??,Bob ? Alice
  ?????????????

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Ontology ?????

• Ontology ????????????,?????????,?????????
• ???????????????????
• ontology ? OO (?????????)????????
• OO (?????????) UML ????????????,?????????,????????
  ?????????
• ontology (???) OWL ?????????????,???????????????
  ???????????,??????????,

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UML ? OWL????
return
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Web Ontology-- ?ontology??????????,???????????
???????????

• Web Ontology ,??????????(?????)???,?
  ????????????,????????, ??Web Ontology?????????????
  ????
• Web Ontology ??????????,???????????,????????
• ?? Yahoo ?????????????????????????,??Yahoo
  hierarchy,
• ?,Dublin Core??????????????metadata(Content
  ,Intellectual Property ,Instantiation)

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Web Ontology

• Web Ontology ???????????????????????????????????
  ???????,????????????
• ??????????????????(???????),??????????????????????
  ????,??tag(tag?????)??,????????ontology?????????,?
  ???????????????????????

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??Web Ontology???

• Web portal,?????????????????????ontologies????????
  ,????????????????????
• ??,????????????????,???????????????????,??????????
  ,?????????????????????,???????????,????????
• ??????,?????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ?????

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Web Ontology???????

• ?????(?????????????????????),
• ???????????????????????,
• ??????????????,????????,???????????,??

return
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???? Web Ontology

• ??Web Ontology
• ????????(?? ???????????)????(??concept ),
• ????????? terms,
• ?????definitions?????????relationships
• ????,??,???,??,???????????,
• ????,??,??,????,???,??????
• ?????????????,?????????????
• Ontology ?????Web????,???????????????????????,????
  ????

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Ontology ???,????????????,DL????

• ??????????????
• ? class ???? ??
• ??? atomic class,
• ??? cmpsite class,
• ?? role ????,??,????
• ?? atomic role,?-?
• ?? inverse rolev,?-?

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??????DL,?????????????,????,???????????????

• ?????,
• ??, ????? ???????---- ???????????
• ?? cmpsite class?????,???????,
• ????????????????????????????????????????????,??
  ??????????????
• ????????
• ????atomic role, ??????depend(_,_)
• ???inverse role, ?????depend -(_,_)
• ??, ??????R?S?

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?1, ?????ontology (??DL??)

• ????ontology ?????
• ?????????????
• ????,????????,???????
• ???????????
• ???? ?? ????
• ???? ?? ??
• ??????????????1?
• ? ????? ????????

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??2 ?????????????ontology ??,????????DL (ALC )

• ?????statement
• ???????constructors
• ????????,??????????? axiom
  statement,????
• ???????term. axiom
• ?????????????assert. axiom
• Tbox ?????????
• Abox ?????????? ?????

• ???????????
• ? class ???? ??C
• ???atomic class
• ??? cmpsite class
• ?? role ????R
• ????atomic role
• ???inverse role

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????????????

• ???????constructors
• ???? ?? n? ??
• ????? ????
• ??C????R??? ?R.C ?R.C
• ????hasChild. FemalePerson ? hasChild.FemalePers
  on
• hasChild???R, ??????????,?????
• ????????
• (gt 3 hasChild) ? (lt 2 hasFemaleRelative)
• ???????, ??????????
• ???????????(????)???

return
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??,Web of Ontologies ????? ? ????????,?????

• ????? ??????????????,
• ?????? ??????,
• ????????????????ontologies???????
• ??????,???????????,???????,??????
• ?????????????,??????(knowledge
  chunk),???????????????,?????????,????????????

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Web Ontology??? ???????,?Web?Ontology???,?????
????

• Web Ontology??????
• ????,???Web?????,????????????Ontology?
• ????,???Web???????,??Web Ontology????????Ontology?
  ????????
• ????,?????????Semantic Web??,?????????????????????
  ??????
• Web Ontology??????
• ?? ?? Ontology
• Ontology????
• Web Ontology??????
• ????browser????
• ????ontology, ????????????Ontology

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MetaData?Ontologies??(vocabularies)???

• Ontologies???????????web page ???????
  interoperation
• ??,?????A?????????ontology,?????onto-B???,
  ??90?????(tags)?A?????,?10??????

• ??Ontology??????????,??????,??????????
• ??Ontology?????????
• ???????????????,????????,
• ?????????Ontologies ?????,??,?????

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??,???????????,??????

• ??? ?? ?? ??
• ?????????????????????

??
??
IS-A
IS-A
IS-A
??????
??
??
??
PART-OF
???
IS-A
IS-A
????
??
????
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References 01

• Reference
• Asunción Gómez Pérez. 2002 Deliverable 1.3 A
  Survey on Ontology Tools. OntoWeb Consortium, 31
  May 2002. http//www.ontoweb.org/download/delivera
  bles/D13_v1-0.zip.
• Chalendar, G. Grau, B., 2000. SVETLAN A
  system to classify nouns in context. In
  Proceedings of the First Workshop on Ontology
  Learning (OL-2000) in conjunction with the 14th
  European Conference on Artificial Intelligence
  (ECAI 2000). August, Berlin, Germany.
• Fikes , R. Hayes, P. Horrocks,I, 2002. DQL
  - A Query Language for the Semantic Web.
  Knowledge Systems Laboratory, 2002.
• Gruber. 1993 Ontolingua A translation approach
  to portable ontology specifications. Knowledge
  Acquisition, 5(2), 199-200
• Gómez-Pérez, A. 1998 Knowledge Sharing and
  Reuse. In the Handbook of Applied Expert Systems.
  CRC Press. 1998.
• Jonathan Robie. 2001 The Syntactic Web- Syntax
  and Semantics on the Web. In XML Conference and
  Exposition 2001, December 9-14 2001, Orlando,
  Florida, USA.

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References 02

• Maedche, A. Staab, S. 2000. Mining Ontologies
  from Text. In Dieng, R. Corby, O. (Eds).
  EKAW-2000 - 12th International Conference on
  Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management.
  October 2-6, 2000, Juan- les-Pins, France. LNAI,
  Springer.2000
• Michael Sintek, Stefan Decker,2002 TRIPLE---A
  Query, Inference, and Transformation Language for
  the Semantic Web. International Semantic Web
  Conference (ISWC), Sardinia, June 2002.
• Natalya F. Noy, Deborah L. McGuinness 2001
  Ontology Development 101 A Guide to Creating
  Your First Ontology technical report. 2001
• Ning Zhang, Hong Chen, Yu Wang, Shi-Jun Cheng,
  and Ming-Feng Xiong. 2003. Odaies
  Ontology-driven Adaptive Web Information
  Extraction System. In IEEE/WIC International
  Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology 2003,
  Halifax, Canada. 2003
• RACER http//www.cs.concordia.ca/faculty/haarsl
  ev/racer/
• TOVE 2003 http//www.eil.utoronto.ca/enterprise-
  modelling/tove/
• Uschold, M. Grüninger, M. 1996 ONTOLOGIES
  Principles, Methods and Applications. Knowledge
  Engineering Review. Vol. 11 N. 2 June 1996.
• Y. Sure, M. Erdmann, J. Angele, S. Staab, R.
  Studer, and D. Wenke. 2003. OntoEdit
  Collaborative ontology engineering for the
  semantic web. In International Semantic Web
  Conference 2002 (ISWC 2002), Sardinia, Italia.
  2003