Diapositive 1

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Clique sur lAfrique du Sud
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On trouve beaucoup danimaux sauvages en Afrique
du Sud, et ce, depuis très longtemps. Pourras-tu
reconnaître les animaux représentés dans les
peintures rupestres?
Une de ces peintures ne date pas de lépoque
préhistorique, peux-tu trouver laquelle?
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The big five
SOUTH AFRICA WILDLIFE The Buffalo Syncerus
Caffer
Buffalo are extremely large, ox-like animals.
Standing approximately 65 inches at the shoulder,
adult males have a mass of up to 1760 pounds and
females weigh up to 1650 pounds. To support the
large body, the legs are very heavy. Front hooves
are larger than the hind because of the extra
mass they carry in the huge head and thick neck.
Both sexes carry horns, which in the males can
grow to 1.5m. Buffalo varies considerably in
size, with some of the forest populations half
the size of those from the plains and Savannah.
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The big five
SOUTH AFRICA WILDLIFE The Elephant Loxodonta
Africana
The African Elephant is the largest living land
mammal, one of the most impressive animals on
earth. The Elephant's muscular trunk serves as a
nose, hand, extra foot, signaling device and a
tool for gathering food, siphoning water,
dusting, digging and a variety of other
functions. The long trunk permits the elephant to
reach as high as 23 feet. It is capable of
powerful twisting and coiling movements used for
tearing down trees or fighting. The trunk of
the African elephant has two finger-like
structures at its tip. The tusks, another
remarkable feature, are greatly elongated
incisors (elephants have no canine teeth). Tusks
grow for most of an elephant's lifetime and are
an indicator of age. They are "right or left
tusked" using the favoured tusk as a tool,
shortening it from constant wear.
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The big five
SOUTH AFRICA WILDLIFE Leopard Panthera Pardus
The most secretive and elusive of the large
carnivores, the leopard is also the shrewdest.
Pound for pound, it is the strongest climber of
the larger cats and is capable of killing prey
far larger than itself. The coloring of the
leopard varies from white to bright golden brown,
spotted with black spots and rosettes. The
rosettes consist of groups of 5 to 6 spots
arranged in a tight ring. The tail is longer
than half the body length measured from head to
tail. This fierce animal has small round ears and
long whiskers growing from dark spots on the
upper lip. The size of the leopard varies
considerably. The leopard differs from the
cheetah in having shorter legs, and rosette-like
spots and is without the cheetahs black "tear"
marks from eye to mouth.
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The big five
SOUTH AFRICA WILDLIFE The Lion Panthera Leo
Lions are the second largest members of the
feline family in the world. Lion are tan in
colour and have a slightly white under-body, with
a tuft of black hair at the end of their tails.
Most cat species live a fundamentally solitary
existence, but the lion is an exception. It has
developed a social system based on teamwork and a
division of labour within the pride, and an
extended but closed family unit centres around a
group of related females. The average pride
consists of about 15 individuals, including five
to 10 females with their young and two or three
territorial males that are usually brothers or
pride mates.
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The big five
SOUTH AFRICA WILDLIFE The Rhinoceros
The rhinoceros is a large, primitive looking
mammal that in fact dates from the Miocene era
millions of years ago. In recent decades rhinos
have been relentlessly hunted to the point of
near extinction. Since 1970 the world rhino
population has declined by 90 percent, with five
species remaining in the world today, all of
which are endangered.The white or square-lipped
rhino is one of two rhino species in Africa. It
in turn occurs as two subspecies, the southern
and the northern. The southern dwindled almost to
extinction in the early 20th century, but was
protected on farms and reserves, enabling it to
increase enough to be reintroduced. The northern
white rhino has recovered in Democratic Republic
of Congo from about 15 in 1984 to about 30 in the
late 1990s. This population has been threatened
by political conflict and instability.
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Rhinos are being poached in South
Africa. Poaching is when people (poachers)
illegally kill a wild animal. This year so far
341 rhinos have been poached in South Africa.
Thats the most, ever, for one year. Rhino horns
are believed by some people, particularly in
Asia, to be able to cure ailments like nosebleeds
and fevers. No one knows if this is actually
true. Even if the horns did have medicinal
properties, there are many modern medicines
available that are likely to be much more
effective. They are also used as handles for
ornamental daggers in some countries. The horns
can sell for 35,000 per kilogram. The poaching
is leading to a crisis in the rhino population,
which is dwindling. Some Rhino factsRhinos
can sleep standing or lying down.Rhino is short
for rhinoceros.Rhinoceros is made of two
ancient Greek words rhino (nose) and keras
(horn).A rhinos horn is made of keratin, the
same type of protein your hair and nails are made
of.The plural of rhinoceros is rhinoceros or
rhinoceroses.
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South Africa

• South Africa is called the Rainbow Nation.
• South Africa contains some of the oldest
  archaeological and human fossil sites in the
  world.Extensive fossil remains have been
  recovered from a series of caves in Gauteng
  Province. The area is a UNESCO World Heritage
  site and has been termed the Cradle of Humankind.
  
• Modern humans have inhabited Southern Africa for
  at least 170,000 years. At the time of European
  contact, the dominant indigenous peoples were
  Bantu-speaking peoples who had migrated from
  other parts of Africa about one thousand years
  before. The two major historic groups were the
  Xhosa and Zulu peoples.
• In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias
  led the first European voyage to land in southern
  Africa.
• In 1652, a century and a half after the discovery
  of the Cape Sea Route, Jan van Riebeeck
  established a refreshment station at the Cape of
  Good Hope, at what would become Cape Town, on
  behalf of the Dutch East India Company.
• The discovery of diamonds, and later gold, was
  one of the catalysts that triggered the
  19th-century conflict known as the Anglo-Boer
  War, as the Boers (original Dutch, Flemish,
  German, and French settlers) and the British
  fought for the control of the South African
  mineral wealth. Cape Town became a British colony
  in 1806.
• On 31 May 1961, following a whites-only
  referendum, the country became a republic and
  left the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II ceased
  to be head of state, and the last
  Governor-General became State President.
• Despite opposition both within and outside the
  country, the government legislated for a
  continuation of apartheid.
• In 1990 the National Party government took the
  first step towards dismantling discrimination
  when it lifted the ban on the African National
  Congress and other political organizations. It
  released Nelson Mandela from prison after
  twenty-seven years' serving a sentence for
  sabotage.

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Tshivenda
a rainbow nation 11 languages
Xitsonga
Setswana
Sepedi
IsiNdebele
Siswati
Sesotho
IsiZulu
English
IsiXhosa
Afrikaans
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Nelson Mandela
Rolihlahla Mandela was born in 1918. On his first
day at school, he was given an English name
Nelson. Mandela began to study for a Bachelor of
Arts at the Fort Hare University, he took an
interest in boxing and running. At the end of
Nelson's first year, he became involved in a
Students' Representative Council boycott against
university policies. He was told to leave Fort
Hare and not return unless he accepted election
to the SRC.
After the 1948 election victory of the
Afrikaner-dominated National Party, which
supported the apartheid policy of racial
segregation, Mandela began actively participating
in politics. Initially committed to nonviolent
resistance, Mandela and 150 others were arrested
on 5 December 1956 and charged with treason. In
June 1961, Mandela sent a letter to South African
newspapers warning the government, that if they
did not meet their demands, the Umkhonto we Sizwe
would embark on a campaign of sabotage. On 5
August 1962 Mandela was arrested and was
imprisoned in the Johannesburg Fort. Mandela
remained twenty-seven years in prison. Whilst in
prison Mandela undertook study with the
University of London by correspondence and
received the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Local
and international pressure mounted on the South
African government to release him, under the
resounding slogan  Free Nelson Mandela .In
1989, Botha suffered a stroke and was replaced as
president by Frederik Willem de Klerk. De Klerk
announced Mandela's release in February
1990. Mandela was released on 11 February 1990.
South Africa's first multi-racial elections were
held on 27 April 1994. The ANC won 62 of the
votes in the election, and Mandela, as leader of
the ANC, was inaugurated on 10 May 1994 as the
country's first black President. Mandela became
the oldest elected President of South Africa when
he took office at the age of 75 in 1994. He
decided not to stand for a second term and
retired in 1999, to be succeeded by Thabo
Mbeki. After his retirement as President, Mandela
went on to become an advocate for a variety of
social and human rights organisations.
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gold and diamonds in South Africa

• Among the nation's gold mines are two of the
  deepest mines in the world. The East Rand Mine,
  in Boksburg, extends to a depth of 3,585 metres
  (11,762 ft).

South Africa has been a world leader in diamond
production.
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le drapeau d'Afrique du Sud
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