Structures of the Cell

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Structures of the Cell
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Standard SB1a.

• Explain the role of cell organelles for both
  prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the
  cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and
  cell reproduction.

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CELL THEORY
Proposed in 1838 by Schleiden Schwann

1. All life forms are made from one or more cells.
2. Cells only arise from pre-existing cells.
3. The cell is the smallest form of life.

CELL TIMELINE
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PROKARYOTIC CELLS

• NO NUCLEUS
• Small, simple
• A prokaryotic cell is enclosed by a plasma
  membrane and is usually encased in a rigid cell
  wall
• The cell wall may be covered by a sticky capsule
• Inside the cell are its DNA and other parts
• Grow reproduce
• EX. E. coli (bacterial cells)

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EUKARYOTIC CELLS

• HAVE A NUCLEUS MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES
• Grow reproduce
• Some live as single cells (mostly multicellular)
• Examples Plants, animals, fungi, etc.

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Cell Parts

• Organelles cell structures with specialized
  functions
• Plasma Membrane (cell membrane)- organelle that
  regulates what comes in and out of the cell,
  provides protection, and support.
• Structure phospholipid Bilayer

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Cytoplasm

• Cytoplasm- in between cell membrane and nucleus
• Holds organelles in place
• jello with fruit in it

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Nucleus (center of the cell)

• Nucleus- center of the cell, contains nucleic
  acid (DNA)
• Include nucleolus which make ribosomes.
• Function Directs cell activites.
• Eukaryotes- (animals, plants) have a nucleus and
  membrane bound organelles
• Prokaryotes- (bacteria) have neither

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Ribosomes

• Not bound by a membrane. Found on endoplasmic
  retituclum and free floating.
• Function Make protein.

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Mitochondria

• Mitochondria- rod-shaped
• Function powerhouse of the cell
• Produces energy from sugar through cellular
  respiration.

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Chloroplasts

• Found in plant cells.
• Contains green chlorophyll
• Function Photosynthesis uses sunlight to make
  sugar for plant.

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Golgi Apparatus

• Made of 5-8 flattened sacs
• Function processes and packages proteins and
  lipids.
• Move materials within the cell using transport
  vesicles.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Structure series of tubes and sacs.
• -Smooth ER (w/o ribosomes) makes and
  transports lipids and carbohydrates
• -Rough ER (w/ ribosomes) contains, ribosomes
  to make and transport proteins.

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Lysosome

• Type of vesicle
• Function - break down materials, digest excess or
  worn out organelles.
• None in plants

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Vacuoles

• Large in plant cells, small in animal cells.
• Store materials (food, water, etc)

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Cell Wall

• Cell wall- surrounds cell membrane only in plants
• Made out of cellulose (starch)
• Function Adds extra support

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Cytoskeleton

• Frame work of the cell (in the cytoplasm)
• Made of microfilaments, a protein matrix

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Cells Overview

• http//glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/00787
  68349/164155/00035805.html
• http//glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/00787
  68349/164155/00035804.html