Cells Structures and Their Functions

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CellsStructures and Their Functions
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Cells

• Are the smallest unit of life that carries out
  all life functions
• Contain major structures inside that perform
  these life functions
• Vary in size, but contain many of the same
  structures

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Organelles (Structures) of the cell

• Cell Membrane
• outside covering of the a cell that controls what
  comes in and out of the cell
• Analogy -

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Nucleus

• contains Genetic Material (DNA)
• is the control center of the cell
• Analogy -

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Cytoplasm

• gel-like fluid inside a cell
• the other organelles are embedded in the
  cytoplasm
• Analogy -

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1.1 Animal cell structure
All cells have three basic structures in common.
cytoplasm
nucleus cell membrane cytoplasm
nucleus
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cell membrane
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Mitochondria

• uses oxygen to release energy from food
• sometimes called the powerhouse of the cell
• Analogy -

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• Vacuoles
• act as storage centers
• Cell wall
• Provides extra support and shape for plant cells,
  it is made mostly of cellulose
• Analogy -

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Chloroplast

• food-making structures of a plant cell

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Comparing plant and animal cell structure
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Comparing plant and animal cell structure
vacuole
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane (inside barrier)
cell wall (outside barrier)
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Comparing plant and animal cell structure
Which structures both plant and animal cells have
in common?
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Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

• Plant cells have a cell wall (to give extra
  support and shape), but animal cells do not.
• Plant cells have chloroplasts (that enable plants
  make their own food), but animal cells do not.

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Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

• Plant cells usually have one or more large
  vacuole(s) (help provide shape and allow the
  plant to store water and food for future use),
  while animal cells have smaller vacuoles,if any
  are present.

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1.3 Cell Variety
Microbes are microscopic unicellular organisms.
Below are some examples of different types of
microbial cells.
Osmosis animation
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Bacteria

• Does not have a nucleus
• Genetic material is found spread throughout the
  cell

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