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Bell Quiz (Pgs. 578

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Bell Quiz (Pgs. 578 583) Who was used in the pacific as radio operators and spoke a code that the Japanese could never break? What was the importance of the ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Bell Quiz (Pgs. 578


1
Bell Quiz (Pgs. 578 583)
  1. Who was used in the pacific as radio operators
    and spoke a code that the Japanese could never
    break?
  2. What was the importance of the American victory
    at the Battle of the Coral Sea?
  3. What battle in the Pacific was the turning point
    in the war?
  4. How many Japanese troops and U.S. troops died in
    the Battle for Iwo Jima?
  5. After the Battle For Okinawa how many American
    lives did Churchill predict would be lost in an
    allied invasion of Japan?

2
Answers
  • 1. Navajo Indians code talkers
  • 2. The U.S. saved Australia from being taken
    over first U.S. victory against Japan.
  • 3. The Battle of Midway.
  • 4. Japanese troops20,500.
  • U.S. troops6,000
  • 5. 1 million American lives

3
Objectives
  • Identify key turning points in the war in the
    Pacific.
  • Describe the Allied offensive against the
    Japanese.

4
Japanese Acquisition
  • 6 months after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese had
    conquered an empire larger than the Third Reich.
  • The Japanese had control of Hong Kong, French
    Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, and much of
    China.
  • They also conquered many islands in the pacific.
  • The Dutch East Indies, Guam, Wake Island, and the
    Solomon Islands.

5
Philippines
  • The Japanese invaded the Philippines on December
    8, 1941 with their air attack on Clark Air Base.
  • American and Filipino troops battled the Japanese
    for several months for control of the islands
    before losing.
  • General Douglas MacArthur was the commander of
    the Allied forces on the islands.
  • On March 11, 1942 President Roosevelt ordered
    MacArthur to leave the Islands. MacArthur
    escapes and leaves the troops to be captured.
  • MacArthur utters the infamous words, I shall
    return!

6
Bataan Death March
  • The Bataan Death March was the forcible 60 mile
    transfer of 90,000 to 100,000 American and
    Filipino prisoners of war on foot by the Japanese
    army.
  • Prisoners were abused and murdered -Beheadings,
    cut throats and casual shootings were the more
    common and merciful actions compared to bayonet
    stabbings, rapes, disembowelments, numerous rifle
    butt beatings and a deliberate refusal to allow
    the prisoners food or water.
  • The march lasted for nearly a week with
    temperatures nearing 100 degrees.

7
Bataan Death March
8
Bataan Death March
  • 18,000 POWs died on the March to Camp ODonnell.
  • Men were weak and dying from dysentery at the
    camp at an alarming rate.
  • Eventually the healthy prisoners were
    transferred to camps outside of the Philippines.

9
Bataan Death March
  • This process began with American prisoners moving
    from Camp ODonnell to Cabanatuan-a prison camp
    in the northeast part of the island.
  • Many of these American prisoners then were sent
    from Cabanatuan to prison camps in Japan, Korea,
    and Manchuria working as slave labor.
  • All prisoners were released at the end of the
    war.

10
Bataan Death March
  • The 512 prisoners-of-war who still remained at
    the Cabanatuan Prison Camp as of January 1945
    were freed during an attack on the camp led by
    United States Army Rangers later known as the
    Raid at Cabanatuan.
  • All 512 prisoners were rescued. Only 3 rangers
    were killed.

11
Bombing of Tokyo
  • By spring of 1942, the allies began to turn the
    tide against the Japanese.
  • On April 18th the U.S. began a bombing raid on
    Tokyo and other Japanese cities.
  • Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led the attack
    with 16 bombers.

12
Battle of Midway
  • Midway is an island which lies northwest of
    Hawaii.
  • The island was of strategic importance to both
    the U.S. and Japan.
  • American code breakers were able to determine the
    date and location of the attack, enabling the
    forewarned U.S. Navy to set up an ambush of its
    own.
  • The Allies successfully defended Midway.
  • During the Battle of Midway the Japanese lost
    four aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250
    planes.
  • The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the
    Pacific War inflicting irreparable damage to the
    Japanese carrier fleet.

13
Island Hopping
  • Leapfrogging or Island Hopping was a military
    strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific
    War against Japan. It involved attacking some
    islands but not others, effectively strangling
    the unattacked islands by not allowing them to be
    resupplied.
  • This saved time, men, and supplies.
  • General Douglas MacArthur greatly supported this
    island hopping" strategy in his effort to regain
    the Philippines.

14
Battles in the Pacific
  • The first Allied offensive began in August 1942.
  • 19,000 troops stormed Guadalcanal in the Solomon
    Islands.
  • Guadalcanal marked Japans first defeat on land.
  • In October 1944, the Allies defeated the Japanese
    at the Battle of Leyte Gulf (Philippines).
  • 178,000 Allied troops and 738 ships retook the
    Philippines.
  • The Battle of Leyte Gulf was a disaster for
    Japan.
  • They lost 3 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 13
    cruisers, and almost 500 planes.
  • General MacArthur wades ashore announcing People
    of the Philippines I have returned.

15
Kamikaze
  • The Japanese threw their entire fleet into the
    Battle of Leyte Gulf.
  • They tested a new war tactic kamikaze attacks.
  • Pilots crashed their planes loaded bombs into
    Allied ships.
  • The Japanese launched 424 kamikaze pilots during
    the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
  • They sank 16 ships and damaged 80 others.

16
Iwo Jima
  • The Island of Iwo Jima was critical to the U.S.
    as a base.
  • From Iwo Jima the Allies could launch bombing
    raids against Japan.
  • Almost 21,000 Japanese troops were ready to
    defend the island rooted in tunnels and caves.
  • More than 6,000 marines died taking this island.
  • Only 200 Japanese survived the invasion.
  • The only obstacle between the Allies and a final
    assault on Japan was the island of Okinawa.

17
Battle of Okinawa
  • April 1945, U.S. Marines invaded Okinawa.
  • Fighting on Okinawa lasted until June 21, 1945.
  • The Japanese unleashed 1,900 kamikaze attacks on
    the U.S., sinking 30 ships, damaging 300 more,
    and killing 5,000.
  • 7,500 American lost their lives.
  • 110,000 Japanese died.
  • The lose of life at Iwo Jima and Okinawa left the
    Allies searching for a new plan of invasion for
    the island of Japan.

18
Navajo Code Talkers
  • The Navajo Code Talkers, whose ranks exceed 400
    during the course of World War II in the Pacific
    Theater, have been credited with saving countless
    lives and hastening the end of the war. The Code
    Talker's served in all six Marine divisions from
    1942 to 1945.
  • The Code Talker's primary job was to talk and
    transmit information on tactics, troop movements,
    orders and other vital battlefield information
    via telegraphs and radios in their native
    dialect. 
  • A major advantage of the code talker system was
    its speed. The method of using Morse code often
    took hours where as, the Navajos handled a
    message in minutes.   It has been said that if
    was not for the Navajo Code Talker's, the Marines
    would have never taken Iwo Jima.    
  • The Navajo's unwritten language was understood by
    fewer than 30 non-Navajo's at the time of WWII. 
    The size and complexity of the language made the
    code extremely difficult to comprehend, much less
    decipher. 
  • The Navajo code talkers finally received national
    recognition in 1969.
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