Diversity of Life

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Diversity of Life

• Exploring the vast array of living organisms on
  Earth today and in the past

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VIII. Classification

• Taxonomy - science of classifying
• Organisms grouped into taxa
• Linnaeus - developed a system of classifying
  living things
• Five-Kingdom Classification system
• Kingdom
• Animalia
• Plantae
• Fungi
• Protista
• Monera

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Classification

• 2. Five Kingdom Classification system
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
• 3. Binomial nomenclature
• Two word naming system
• Scientific name - Genus species
• Example Homo sapiens

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Classification

• A closer look at the kingdoms
• Monera - bacteria, unicellular, prokaryotic
• Protista - catchall kingdom, unicellular and
  some multicellular eukaryotes that do not belong
  to other kingdoms
• Fungi - eukaryotic, heterotrophic, cell walls
  composed of chitin
• Plantae - eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic,
  cell walls composed of cellulose
• Animalia - eukaryotic, multicellular,
  heterotrophic, no cell walls

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Classification

• Three domain system is being constructed
• Bacteria
• Archae
• Eukarya

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5 Kingdom System Vs. 3 Domain System
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Classification

• D. Classification as it relates to evolution
• Organisms are grouped according to physical
  characteristics and evolutionary relationships
• Not all similar looking organisms belong in the
  same group
• Convergent evolution results in the formation of
  analogous structures
• Example - sharks and dolphins have similar
  characteristics, but they do not share a common
  ancestor

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Origin of Life on Earth

• D. Theories on the origin of life
• Spontaneous generation - life arises from nonlife
• Needham - supported theory
• Redi- questioned theory with experiments
  involving meat
• Spallanzani - disproved Needhams experiments
• Pasteur - disproved the theory of spontaneous
  generation
• http//www.kent.k12.wa.us/staff/TimLynch/sci_class
  /chap01/spontaneous.html
• Extra-terrestrial
• Organic soup - cells developed from the materials
  present in Earths early atmosphere
• Miller and Urey experiment simulated how life
  could have begun
• Ammonia, water, hydrogen, and methane with a
  spark of energy (lightning) formed organic matter
  (amino acids,etc.)

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Origin of Life on Earth

• E. Evolution of life
• First cells were prokaryotic
• Endosymbiosis results in formation of first
  eukaryotic cells (Protista)
• Multicellular organisms develop (Fungi, Plantae,
  Animalia)