First Americans

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First Americans
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VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY TEACHER DEFINITION STUDENT DEFINITION DRAWING
NOMADIC People who search for food by traveling from one area to another are nomadic.
ADAPT To change or get used to a new way of living in order to survive in a new environment.
BIOME An environment or area with a unique climate, set of plants and animals.

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VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY TEACHER DEFINITION STUDENT DEFINITION DRAWING
TUNDRA A treeless biome with a variety of moss and grasses. The ground is frozen ten months a year and swampy and wet during the summer. Winter temperatures can drop below -50. Summer temperatures rarely get higher than 60 degrees.
INUIT People who live in the tundra and have learned to adapt to the cold weather.


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They were here firstThe Land Bridge Theory

• Around 20,000 years ago, during the Ice Age,
  people began to arrive in North America. They
  followed their food source.

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Where did they live?

• These people spread over the continents of North
  America and South America.
• They lived in all Geographic regions of North
  America.

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Map
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Your turn MARK YOUR MAPS!

• Mark the Biome/Climate
• Mark the civilizations INUIT

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3 Questions to answer

1. What region did each group inhabit?
2. What was the climate and geography like for each
   group?
3. How did the geography and climate affect the way
   each group met their basic needs?

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What are Geography Climate?

• What the land looks likeflat, mountainous,
  hilly
  
• What the weather is like over a long period of
  time

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List 3 Basic Needs

1. FOOD
2. CLOTHING
3. SHELTER

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North

• Hundreds of lakes carved by glaciers
• Wrapped around the Hudson Bay in a horseshoe
  shape
• Oldest rock formations in N. America
• Hills worn by erosion

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Where Are We?
The Inuit
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Region Canadian ShieldTUNDRA

• What is the climate like?
• Its COLD!
• Frozen tundra, with temperatures below freezing
  much of the year

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Tools Of The Trade
Above Trading boat Below Tools
Above Fishing net Below Drying rack
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The Land
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THE INUIT PEOPLE

• The Inuit are the aboriginal inhabitants of the
  North American Arctic, from Bering Strait to East
  Greenland, Arctic Canada, northern Alaska and
  Greenland, and have close relatives in Russia.
• They are united by a common cultural heritage
  and a common language.
• Until recently, outsiders called the Inuit
  "Eskimo." Now they prefer their own term,
  "Inuit," meaning simply "people.

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(No Transcript)
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

• According to archaeological research, the origins
  of the Inuit lie in northwestern Alaska. These
  first Alaskan Inuit lived on the seacoast and
  tundra, where they hunted seals, walrus, whales,
  and caribou. They and their ancestors were the
  first Arctic people to become expert at hunting
  the larger sea mammals, such as the bowhead
  whale.

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CULTURE

• The Inuit were a nomadic culture that circulated
  almost exclusively north of the timberline.

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Basic Needs

• The Inuit people managed to survive in this cold
  TUNDRA environment.
• Food
• Hunt Fish Cultivate
• Clothing
• Animal skins or Plants?
• Shelter
• What natural resource did they use?

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Food

• The Inuit fished and hunted.
• Their main food was fish.
• They also ate Whales, seals, walrus, and caribou.

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Clothing

• They used animal skins and furs.

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CLOTHING

• Warm clothing was important to the Inuit tribes.
  Sealskin was usually wore in the summer. In the
  winter caribou skin was worn. Caribou skin was
  light weight yet very warm.

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CLOTHING

• One Inuit garment, the hooded coat called the
  parka, has been adopted by skiers and others who
  spend time in the cold. An atiqik is a Inuit
  parka made with goose down

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SHELTER

• They used ice blocks to make their shelters.
• Their shelters were called Igloos
• They also used animal skins to make skin tent
  shelters.

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IGLOOS AS SHELTER

• An igloo translated sometimes as snow house, is a
  shelter constructed from blocks of snow,
  generally in the form of a dome
• Other Inuit people tended to use snow to insulate
  their houses which consisted of whalebone and
  hides. The use of snow is due to the fact that
  snow is an insulator (due to its low density). On
  the outside, temperatures may be as low as -49
  F, but on the inside the temperature may range
  from 19 F to 61 F when warmed by body heat
  alone

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HOUSING

• They also lived in houses made of driftwood and
  sod, and almost certainly spoke an early version
  of the Inuit language, Inuktitut.
• That picture shows how they moved. They could
  move with their house on sled.

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LANGUAGE

• Inuktittut, the language used by the Inuit in the
  eastern Arctic, had no written form until one was
  developed by a missionary in the 1800's. The
  language is written in syllabic symbols
  corresponding to groups of sounds.

• EXAMPLE

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Inuit harpoon
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NEXT

• READ THE ARTICLE PUT ON YOUR EARMUFFS
• TAKE NOTES AS YOU READ
• QUIZ TOMORROW!!!!

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