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Title: Chapter 1 Native Americans


1
Chapter 1 Native Americans
2
1.2 Migration Routes of the First Americans.
  • Migrate- To move from one place and establish a
    home in a new place.
  • Across a Land Bridge
  • -Ocean levels drop 200 feet due to Ice age
    30,000 years ago.
  • -Exposes land bridge between Asia and North
    America called Beringia.
  • -Animals migrate East to North America over
    thousands of years.
  • -Hunters follow animals.
  • Migrating East and South
  • -As larger prey die off, hunters become
    hunter-gatherers, catching small animals,
    fishing, and collecting edible plants.
  • -Over time, Native Americans head south and
    eventually spread across the two American
    continents.

3
Migrating Routes of the First Americans
Page 2 in your book.
4
1.3 Native Americans Adapt to the Environment.
  • Environment- All of the physical surroundings
    in a place, including land, water, animals,
    plants and climate.
  • Natural Resources- Useful materials found in
    nature, including water, vegetation, animals and
    minerals.
  • Culture- A peoples way of life, including
    beliefs, customs, food, dwellings, and clothing.
  • Cultural Region- An area in which a group of
    people share a similar culture and language.
  • Using Natural Resources
  • Native Americans make clothing from animal
    skins and goggles out of bone.
  • Live most of the year in houses made from
    driftwood and animal skins. Make igloos out of
    blocks of snow in winter.
  • Learn to raise crops such as squash, peppers,
    beans and corn.
  • Enables them to settle in one place and built
    villages.

5
1.3 Continued
  • Native American Cultural Regions
  • Over generations, groups of Native Americans
    develop their own cultures.
  • Forest dwellers often live in houses covered
    with tree bark.
  • Desert people make shelters out of branches
    covered with brush.
  • Historians identify cultural regions including
    the Northwest Coast, California, the Great Basin,
    the Plateau, the Southwest, the Great Plains, the
    Eastern Woodlands, and the Southeast.

6
1.4 First Americans View of Their Environment.
  • Natures Spirits
  • Believe that each part of
  • nature has its own spirit.
  • Using the Land
  • Believe land cannot be
  • owned as private property.
  • Adapt the land to suit their
  • needs.
  • Try not to waste anything
  • they take from nature.

7
1.5 Native Americans of the Northwest Coast.
  • Abundant Food
  • Region extends from southern Oregon into
    Canada.
  • Northwest people build villages along the
    narrow
  • beaches and bays of the coastline.
  • They fish, gather clams and shellfish, hunt
    seals,
  • sea lions and whales from the ocean, and deer,
  • moose, bear, elk and other forest animals from
    the land.
  • Build tools such as harpoons, spears, and traps
  • to catch prey.
  • Builders and Carvers
  • Cut long, thin boards from trees to build
    large,
  • sturdy houses.
  • Make roof shingles out of large sheets of
  • cedar bark
  • Weave baskets, mats, rope and blankets.
  • Craft decorative shell buttons, animal masks
    and wooden bowls.

8
1.6 Native Americans of California
  • Many Sources of Food
  • Stretches from southern Oregon through Baja
    California.
  • Includes coast, coastal foothills, inland
    valley,
  • deserts, and the western side of the Sierra
    Nevada
  • mountain range.
  • Salmon and shellfish abundant along the coast.
  • Deer, rabbits, ducks and other small animals
    hunted
  • inland.
  • Vegetation harvested includes roots, berries,
  • and acorns.
  • Clothing, Houses and Baskets
  • Make clothing from grasses and other plants, as
    well as fur and leather from animal hides.
  • Use bark from redwood trees to build cone-shape
    houses.
  • Use plant materials to weave baskets, sifters
    and fish traps.

9
1.7 Native Americans of the Great Basin.
  • Extreme Heat and Cold
  • Low area between the Sierra Nevada and the
  • Rocky Mountains.
  • Mostly desert. Vegetation includes grasses,
  • sagebrush, and craggy pinon trees.
  • Temporary shelters made of willow poles covered
  • with brush and reeds.
  • Clothing made from rabbit hides.
  • Searching for Food
  • Follow food sources from season to season.
  • In spring, people camp along rivers. Men hunt
    for ducks while women gather duck eggs.
  • In summer, snakes and grasshoppers are caught.
    Other summer foods include a variety of plant
    roots and berries.
  • In autumn jackrabbits are hunted.
  • Live off of dried foods in winter.

10
1.8 Native Americans of the Plateau
  • Sturdy Houses and Clothing
  • Bounded by the Cascade Range to the west,
  • the Rockies to the east, and the Fraser River in
  • Canada to the north.
  • Dense, forested mountains and flat, drier
    central
  • area. Long, cold winters with mild summers.
  • Inhabitants build houses along major rivers,
    such
  • as the Columbia and Fraser.
  • Food is so plentiful that many groups able to
    live
  • in their villages all year long. Fraser River
  • Columbia River

11
1.8 Continued
  • Build homes partly underground to stay cool in
  • summer and warm in winter. Dig pits, line with
  • frame of logs, cover everything with grass and
  • reeds.
  • Plateau people weave elaborate baskets and
  • hats.
  • Men hunt antelope and deer in fall.
  • Women scrape and soften hides for
  • dresses,leggings, and shirts.
  • Camas and Salmon
  • Plateau people rely mostly on fish
  • such as salmon,and plants such as
  • camas, onions and carrots from
  • low grasslands.

12
1.9 Native Americans of the Southwest
  • Mesa People
  • Region includes Arizona, New Mexico, southern
  • Utah and Colorado, and parts of Texas, Oklahoma,
  • and California.
  • Many environments-canyons, mountains, deserts,
  • flat-topped mesas. Very hot and dry.
  • Two major rivers-Colorado and Rio Grande.
  • Heat and lack of water make living there
    difficult.
  • Some groups lived as nomads. Others became
    farmers along the Colorado River.

13
1.9 Continued
  • Without trees for building, the mesa people
  • make houses from adobe bricks. Thick walls
  • protect them from summer heat and winter
  • cold.
  • Some pueblo villages have populations as
  • large as 1000 people.
  • Mesa people wear clothing made of cotton to
  • protect them from the sun.
  • Corn Culture
  • Mesa people grow corn,
  • beans and squash.
  • Dig irrigation trenches and
  • build dams to hold and
  • distribute the water
  • to their crops.

14
1.10 Native Americans of the Great Plains
  • Buffalo Hunters
  • Region extends from the Rockies to the
  • Mississippi Valley from Canada to the
  • Gulf of Mexico.
  • Vast grasslands perfect for animals to graze.
  • Western plains tribes follow and hunt buffalo.
  • Hunting parties ambush buffalo herds, using
  • hardwood bows and wooden arrow tipped with
  • sharp stone.
  • Using the Buffalo
  • Every part of the buffalo is used. Hides
  • used for clothing, shields, waterproof
    containers.
  • Buffalo hair used for bowstrings and ropes.
  • Skins sewn together and fastened around a tall
  • cone of poles to make dwellings called tipis.
  • Meat not eaten is dried and kept for winter.

15
1.11 Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands
  • Plentiful Woods
  • Region extends from the Mississippi River
  • eastward to the Atlantic Ocean, and from
  • Canada to North Carolina.
  • Endless forests, lakes and streams.
  • Two language groups emerge Algonquian and
  • Iroquois.
  • Main food supply is deer, bear and small
    animals.
  • Iroquois build villages near waterways.
  • Log-frame houses, called longhouses
  • are about 20x100 feet in size. Many
  • families can live in one house.

16
1.11 Continued
  • Women Farmers
  • Men clear the land by burning away trees and
    underbrush.
  • Women do the rest. They plant corn, beans,
    squash.
  • Tan deerskins to make skirts and moccasins.
  • Grind corn into meal.
  • Harvest crops in fall and store in large bark
    bins in longhouses.
  • In addition to corn, beans and
  • squash, crops also include
  • sunflowers,tobacco and other
  • veggies still planted in American
  • gardens today.

17
1.12 Native Americans of the Southeast
  • Towns built Around Mounds
  • Stretches from the southern part of the Ohio
    Valley to
  • the Gulf of Mexico, and from Texas to the
    Atlantic.
  • Fertile coastal plains, river valleys,
    mountains and
  • swamps.
  • Long, warm, humid summers and mild winters.
  • Southeastern peoples towns dominated by
    earthen mounds used for burial sites and as
    platforms for temples.
  • Rectangular frame houses built with strips
  • of young trees and plastered with clay.
  • Secotan Village

18
1.12 Continued
  • A Fertile Region
  • Long growing season perfect for growing corn,
    beans, squash, pumpkins, and sunflowers.
  • Women work the fields.
  • Men hunt squirrels, rabbits, turkeys, and deer.
  • Women gather edible plants like potatoes, wild
  • rice, and persimmons.
  • Clothing is simple and made mostly from
  • deerskins.
  • Decorative jewelry made from stones, shells,
  • feathers, pearls,
  • bones, and clay.

19
1.13 Summary
  • Ancestors of Native Americans migrate from Asia
    across a land bridge during the last ice age.
  • Their descendants travel east and south, adapting
    to the challenges of living in many different
    environments.
  • They believe that they are a part of nature and
    treat the environment with respect.
  • Diverse people who speak many languages.
  • Develop different cultures and ways of life.
  • Build first towns and villages in North America,
    and are the continents first farmers.

20
Worksheet Activity
  • Draw boundaries for each of the 8 regions.
  • Color each region a different color.
  • On the back, identify three facts from the power
    point for each region. Each fact must be in a
    complete sentence.
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