Respiration

1
Circulation
Today
and
Respiration
2
CB 42.5
Mammals have two ciculatory circuits pulmonary
and systemic
3
Blood flows from arteries to capillaries to veins
CB42.9
4
CB 42.11
Blood pressure changes as the blood moves from
arteries to capillaries
5
This change in pressure causes fluid to leak out
of the capillaries
CB 42.14
6
High pressure, Fluid forced out
Interstitial fluid, Recovered by
Blood in vein, More viscous
7
Not all of the fluid (15) is reabsorbed on the
venous side. This interstitial fluid is
collected by the lymphatic system.
CB 42.14
8
Lymphatic system
CB 43.5
9
Because of the low pressure in veins and lymph
vessels, movement of these fluids comes from
skeletal muscles movements.
CB 42.10
10
The mammalian circulatory system is both open and
closed
11
CB 42.5
Nutrients, Waste, O2, CO2, Water, Minerals, etc
must be transported throughout the body
12
CB 42.27
Gases move by diffusion Only from high to low
concentration
13
CB 42.28
Hb is carried inside red blood cells
Hemoglobin (a protein) carries oxygen in the blood
hemoglobin
14
CB 42.23
The Respiratory System large surface area to
maximize gas exchange 100m2 in humans
15
CB 42.23
Gas exchange occurs in alveoli
16
In the lungs, O2 diffuses into the blood, and CO2
diffuses out into the lungs.
17
CB 42.27
How is oxygen delivered to where it is needed?
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CB 42.13
By adjusting blood flow
19
CB 42.30
By changes in blood pH
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Blood
CB 42.30
Cell
Hb in RBC
O2
Cellular Respiration
CO2
Low CO2 High O2
CO2
Hb in RBC
O2
Lung
21
Blood
CB 42.30
Cell
Hb in RBC
O2
Cellular Respiration
CO2H2O H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
CO2
Low CO2 High O2
(less carbonic acid)
CO2
Hb in RBC
O2
Lung
22
Blood
CB 42.30
Cell
Hb releases O2 at lower pH
O2
Cellular Respiration
CO2H2O H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
CO2
Low CO2 High O2
CO2
(less carbonic acid)
Hb can bind O2
O2
Lung
23
(No Transcript)
24
I hope Pat likes my feathers because I am tired
of dragging them around everywhere.
25
1
Which is male?
2
26
1
Which is male?
2
27
Female grizzly bears cannot reproduce while
lactating. Therefore they can only reproduce
every once every 3 years
28
this leads to competition between males
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Sexual Dimporphism differences between males
and females
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Average height/weight by sex in U.S.
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Ratio of Weight Male/Female
M/F
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Bonobos
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Primates have different reproductive stratagies
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Ratio of Weight Male/Female
M/F
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Testes Compared to Overall Weight
Testicle size (oz) per body weight (lbs)
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Pipefish related to seahorses
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Pregnant Male Males care for developing eggs
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Males care for developing eggs
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The Measurement of Sexual Selection Using
Batemans Principles An Experimental Test in
the Sex-Role-Reversed Pipefish Syngnathus typhle
(2005) Integrative and Comparative Biology,
45874884 Adam G. Jones, Gunilla Rosenqvist,
Anders Berglund, and John C. Avise
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When there are more females than males, many
females cannot mate.
frequency
number of mates
Jones et al. Fig. 1
41
frequency
When the sex ratio is even, most males and
females mate.
number of mates
Jones et al. Fig. 1
42
frequency
When there are more males than females, most
males can mate.
number of mates
Jones et al. Fig. 1
43
The sex ratio affects who will successfully
reproduce. Pipefish females are more affected by
competition.
Jones et al. Fig. 1
44
(This is some additional info about pipefish that
was NOT covered in class)
Excess females only medium size females can mate
number of individuals
body length (mm)
Jones et al. Fig. 4
45
(This is some additional info about pipefish that
was NOT covered in class)
Excess males many different size males can mate
number of individuals
body length (mm)
Jones et al. Fig. 4
46
(This is some additional info about pipefish that
was NOT covered in class)
medium sized female pipefish are most successful
at reproducing while size is less critical for
male pipefish
Jones et al. Fig. 4
47
Different reproductive strategies lead to
differences in sexual dimorphism.