Water

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?????e?e??t??
??a? ???sµ? p?? ?a µp????saµe ?a d?s??µe ??a t???
µ????e?e??t?? e??a? ? e??? ?????e?e??t?? e??a?
??a p????aµµat???µe?? ????????µ??? ?????µa t?
?p??? d?a??te? epe?e??ast?, µ??µ?, d??f??a
pe??fe?e?a?? ?????µata ?a??? ep?s?? ?a? ???e?
e?s?d??/e??d?? ??a ep????????a µe e??te?????
s?s?e???. Ta µp????se ?a pa??µ??aste? µe ??a?
µ?????p?????st?. ?p?? a???ß?? ??a?
µ?????p?????st?? ??e? epe?e??ast?,
µ??µ?, pe??fe?e?a??? s?s?e??? ?a? e?te?e?
p?????µµata ?ts? ?? ??a? µ????e?e??t?? d?a??te?
ta pa?ap??? ?a?a?t???st??? ?a? µ???sta
????????µ??a se ??a µ??? chip. ?? p????aµµa p??
e?te?e? ? µ????e?e??t?? ap????e?eta? µ???µa st?
µ??µ? p?????µµat??.
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?fa?µ???? µ????e?e??t??
?? µ????e?e??t?? ß??s???? efa?µ??? sta pa?a??t?
ped?a Se s?st?µata a?t?µat?sµ?? Se ?????µata
t??ep?????????? St?? ??e?t??????? s?s?e???
St?? ??e?t????? s?s?e??? Se s?st?µata
t??eµat???? Se s?st?µata s??????? ded?µ????
(Data Acquisition) Se efa?µ???? ??e?t???????
?s???? Se s?st?µata d?as??des?? Se efa?µ????
d??t??? Ge????te?a ?? µ????e?e??t??
???s?µ?p?????ta? ?p??d?p?te apa?te?ta? ??e????
s?st?µ?t??. ?ta? ??µe e?s?µat?µ??a s?st?µata
(Embedded Systems) e?????µe s?st?µata ta ?p??a
e??a? ßas?sµ??a se µ???oepe?e??ast? (? ep?s??
FPGA ? DSP)
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?atas?e?ast?? µ????e?e??t??
?p?????? de??de? eta??e?e? pa???sµ??? p??
?atas?e?????? µ????e?e??t??. ?? p?? d?aded?µ??e?
e??a? ?icrochip, www.microchip.com Atmel,
www.atmel.com Texas Instruments, www.ti.com
Freescale (p???? Motorolla), www.freescale.com
Intel, www.intel.com Analog Devices,
www.analog.com ?? pe??ss?te?e? eta??e?e? pa??????
µe???? ???µa µ????e?e??t??. ?p? p??? µ?????? ?a?
f?????? ??a ap??? efa?µ???? ??? ?d?a?te?a
p????µ????? ??a p??? apa?t?t???? efa?µ????.
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G??ssa p????aµµat?sµ?? µ????e?e??t??
?? µ????e?e??t?? ?e???? p????aµµat????ta? se
???sse? ?aµ???? ep?p?d??. ?e?e?ta?a ??? ?a?
pe??ss?te??? p????aµµat?st?? ep??????? ???sse?
?????te?? ep?p?d??. O? ???ssa ?aµ???? ep?p?d??
???µ??eta? µ?a ???ssa ? ?p??a ß??s?eta? p?? ???t?
st? ????? (???ssa µ??a???, assembly) O? ???ssa
?????? ep?p?d?? ???µ??eta? µ?a ???ssa ? ?p??a
e??a? a?st??? d?µ?µ??? ?a? ?p???e? s???e???µ????
compiler ? ?p???? µetat??pe? t? p????aµµa se
???ssa µ??a??? ??a t? s???e???µ??? µ????e?e??t?.
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G??ssa p????aµµat?sµ?? µ????e?e??t??
??e??e?t?µata ???ss?? ?aµ???? ep?p?d?? ?
p????aµµat?st?? ??e? t?? ap???t? ??e??? t??
s?µpe??f???? t?? µ????e?e??t? ?p??e? ?a
ep?t??e? µe ap???t? a???ße?a d??f?????
?????sµ??? ?e? apa?te?ta? ? dap??? ??a t??
a???? assembler ?a??? s?????? d?at??eta? d??e??
ap? t?? ?atas?e??st??a eta??e?a ?e???e?t?µata
???ss?? ?aµ???? ep?p?d?? ?pa?te?ta?
µe?a??te??? ??p?? ??a t?? e?µ???s? t?? s?µß??????
???ssa? t?? e??st?te µ????e?e??t? ?a
p?????µµata p?? d?µ????????ta? se s?µß?????
???ssa de? e??a? e?a?????sta ?a? ?
p????aµµat?st?? d?s???e?eta? ?a ??µ??e? t? ??????
p?? ??e? efa?µ?se? ?ta? ??e???eta? ?a ???e?
t??p?p???se?? e? t?? ?st???? ???a? d?s????te??
?a d???????? p????? p????aµµat?st?? st? ?d??
p????aµµa
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G??ssa p????aµµat?sµ?? µ????e?e??t??
??e??e?t?µata ???ss?? ?????? ep?p?d?? ???a?
e?????te?? ? a??pt??? µe????? ?a? s???et??
p????aµµ?t?? ?p????? ?a d???????? p?? e????a
p????? p????aµµat?st?? st? ?d??
p????aµµa ?e???e?t?µata ???ss?? ??????
ep?p?d?? Se efa?µ???? µe ???s?µ??? ?????sµ???
e??a? d?s????te?? ? s????af? ??d??a p??
a?tap?????eta? st??? ?????sµ??? a?t??? ?e?????
f???? ? dap??? ??a t?? a???? compiler de?
ap?te?e? aµe??t?? µ??e??? Se pa???te????
compilers ? ??d??a? µ??a??? p?? pa?a??ta? de?
?ta? ße?t?st?p???µ???? µe ap?t??esµa ?a
apa?te?ta? µ????e?e??t?? µe p??? pe??ss?te??
µ??µ?. ?? compilers p?? ?????f????? s?µe?a
d?a??t??? e?e???µ??a e??a?e?a ??a ße?t?st?p???s?
(optimization) t?? ??d??a ?a? ????? ?e?d?se? t??
eµp?st?s??? a??µa ?a? t?? p?? d?sp?st??
p????aµaµt?st??.
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?????e?e??t?? PIC
? Microchip d?a??te? p??? µe???? p??????a
µ????e?e??t??. 8-bit µ????e?e??t?? (???????e?e?
PIC10, PIC12, PIC16, PIC18) 16-bit
µ????e?e??t?? (???????e?e? PIC24, dsPIC) 32-bit
µ????e?e??t?? (???????e?e? PIC32) ? ep????? e???
µ????e?e??t? ??a µ?a efa?µ??? ???eta? µe t?? e???
d?ad??as?a. ?a???????ta? ?? p??d?a??af?? p??
p??pe? ?a p???e? ? µ????e?e??t?? ?a? ep????eta? ?
f????te??? p?? a?tap?????eta? st?? p??d?a??af??
a?t??. ? µ????e?e??t?? p?? ?a µe?et??e?
d?e??d??? sta p?a?s?a t?? µa??µat?? ?a e??a? ?
PIC16F887.
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PIC16F887
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PIC16F887
???a? µ????e?e??t?? µe d?a??? ded?µ???? 8-bit
??e? d?a??? d?e????se?? 9-bit ?e?t????e? µe
ta?a?t?t? ?????sµ?? µ???st?? s????t?ta? 20MHz
(es?te???? d?a??e? µe t? 4 ??a ?a pa???e? te????
5MHz ????? ????????) ??a??te? µ??µ?
p?????µµat?? 8? ???e?? ??a??te? RAM 368 bytes
??a??te? st??ßa 8 ??se?? ??a??te? ?EPROM
ded?µ???? 256 ??se?? ??a??te? 5 ???e? ?/?
(PORTA,PORTB,PORTC,PORTD,PORTE) ??a??te?
e?s?µat?µ??a d??f??a pe??fe?e?a?? ?????µata ?p??
Timers, ADC, MSSP (SPI/I2C), USART, CCP ??p. ?
epe?e??ast?? e??a? t?p?? RISC ?a? ?p?st????e?
s????? 35 e?t????. ???e e?t??? e?te?e?ta? se ??a
pa?µ? ???????? p??? t?? e?t???? d?a???d?s?? p??
e?te????ta? se d?? pa?µ???.
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???t?? µ??µ?? PIC16F887
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???t?? µ??µ?? PIC16F887
?e???aµß??e? 4 µp??? (?µ?de?) ?ata????t?? ?p??
t? ???e ??a ap? a?t? ???µ??eta? Bank. Bank0
h'00' h'7F' Bank1 h'80' h'FF' Bank2
h'100' h'17F' Bank3 h'180' h'1FF' ??p????
?ata????t?? t?? RAM ap?te???? t??? ?ata????t??
e?d???? ???s?? (Special Function Registers -
SFRs) ?a? ?? t?µ?? t??? ?a???????? t? s?µpe??f???
pe??fe?e?a??? t?? µ????e?e??t?. ?? ?p????p??
?ata????t?? ap?te???? t??? ?ata????t?? ?e?????
???s?? (General Purpose Registers GPRs) ?a?
µp????? ?a ???s?µ?p??????? ap? t?? p????aµµat?st?
??a t?? ap????e?s? ded?µ????. Bank0 GPRs h'20'
h'7F' Bank1 GPRs h'A0' h'EF' Bank2 GPRs
h'110' h'16F' Bank3 GPRs h'190' h'1EF'
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? ?ata????t?? STATUS
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S????? e?t???? PIC16F887 (Instruction Set)
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??t???? PIC16F887
1. clrf lt???µa ?ata????t?gt H e?t??? p?a?µat?p??e?
µ?de??sµ? t?? ?ata????t? p?? a??????e?. ?p??e??e?
t? Zero flag. p.?. clrf Register1 ?et? t??
e?t??es? ? Register1 ?a ??e? t?? t?µ? µ?d??. 2.
movlw lta???µ?t??? t?µ?gt ? e?t??? f??t??e? st??
s?ss??e?t? W t?? a???µ?t??? t?µ? p??
a??????e?. p.?. movlw h'64' ?et? t?? e?t??es? ?
W ?a ??e? t?? t?µ? 641610010
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??t???? PIC16F887
3. movwf lt???µa ?ata????t?gt H e?t??? ap????e?e?
ta pe??e??µe?a t?? s?ss??e?t? W st?? ?ata????t?
p?? a??????e? p.?. movwf Register1 ?et? t??
e?t??es? ? Register1 ?a ??e? ?p??a t?µ? e??e
p??????µ???? ? W. 4. movf lt???µa
?ata????t?gt,a af ? aw ? e?t??? d?aß??e? ta
pe??e??µe?a t?? ?ata????t? p?? a??????e? ?a? a?
af ta ap????e?e? st?? ea?t? t?? e?? a? aw ta
ap????e?e? st?? s?ss??e?t? W. ?p??e??e? t? Zero
flag. p.?. movf Register1,w ?et? t?? e?t??es? ?
W ?a ??e? ?p??a ded?µ??a e??e ? Register1
p??????µ????.
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??t???? PIC16F887
5. goto ltet???tagt H e?t??? p?a?µat?p??e? ??µa t??
PC st? d?e????s? µ??µ?? p?? a?apa??st??e? ?
et???ta. 6. addlw lta???µ?t??? t?µ?gt H e?t???
p??s??te? ta pe??e??µe?a t?? W µe t?? a???µ?t???
t?µ? p?? a??????e? ?a? ap????e?e? t? ?????sµa
st?? W. ?p??e??e? t? Carry flag ?a? t? Zero
flag. p.?. addlw d'25' ?et? t?? e?t??es? ? W ?a
??e? t? ?????sµa a??µesa st? 25 ?a? st?? t?µ? p??
e??e p??????µ????. W d'20' addlw d'25' W d'45'
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??t???? PIC16F887
7. addwf lt???µa ?ata????t?gt,a af ? aw ? e?t???
p??s??te? ta pe??e??µe?a t?? ?ata????t? p??
a??????e? µe ta pe??e??µe?a t?? W ?a? a? af
ap????e?e? t? ?????sµa st?? ?ata????t? e?? a? aw
t? ap????e?e? st? s?ss??e?t? W. ?p??e??e? t?
Carry ?a? t? Zero flag. p.?. addwf
Register1,w ?et? t?? e?t??es? ? W ?a ??e? t?
?????sµa a??µesa sta ded?µ??a p?? e??e
p??????µ???? ?a? sta ded?µ??a t?? Register1. W
d'25' W d'25' Register1
d'20' Register1 d'20' addwf
Register1,w addwf Register1,f W
d'45' W d'25' Register1
d'20' Register1 d'45'
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?a?ade??µata
1. ?a f??t?sete t?? t?µ? d'200' st?? W. movlw
d'200' 2. ?a ap????e?sete ta pe??e??µe?a t?? W
st?? ?ata????t? Reg1. movwf Reg1 3. ?a
p??s??sete t? d'50' sta pe??e??µe?a t??
?ata????t? W ?a? ?a ap????e?sete t? ap?t??esµa
st?? ?ata????t? Reg1. addlw d'50' movwf Reg1 4.
?a µ?de??sete ta pe??e??µe?a t? ?ata????t?
Reg1. clrf Reg1
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?a?ade??µata
5. ?a f??t?sete t? d'100' st?? ?ata????t? Reg1,
t? d'150' st?? W ?a? ?a p??s??sete Reg1 ?a? W. To
?????sµa ?a ap????e?te? st?? Reg1. movlw
d'100' movwf Reg1 movlw d'50' addwf Reg1,f 6. ?a
p?a?µat?p???sete t?? p???? t?? p??s?es??
20304050 ?a? ?a ap????e?sete t? te????
?????sµa st?? ?ata????t? Reg1. movlw d'20' addlw
d'30' addlw d'40' addlw d'50' movwf Reg1
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?a?ade??µata
7. ?a f??t?sete t? d'44' st?? ?ata????t? Reg1, t?
d'88' st?? Reg2, t? d'22' st?? Reg3 ?a? ?a
p??s??sete Reg1, Reg2 ?a? Reg3. To ?????sµa ?a
ap????e?te? st?? Reg1. movlw d'44' W
lt 44 movwf Reg1 Reg1 lt 44 movlw d'88' W
lt 88 movwf Reg2 Reg2 lt 88 movlw d'22' W
lt 22 movwf Reg3 Reg3 lt 22 movf Reg2,w W
lt 88 addwf Reg3,w W lt 110 addwf
Reg1,f Reg1 lt 154 S?µ. ???e p???? st??
a???µ?t??? ?????? µ???da ?p?st????eta? a??µesa
st? s?ss??e?t? W ?a? se ??p??? ?ata????t?
µ??µ??. ?e? ?p?st????eta? ape??e?a? p???? a??µesa
se pe??e??µe?a d?? ??se?? µ??µ??.
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?a??de??µa p?????µµat??
?a ???e? ??a p????aµµa p?? ????e? d?? ?ata????t??
Reg1, Reg2 se e?e??e?e? ??se?? µ??µ??, f??t??e?
st??? ?ata????t?? a?t??? t?? t?µ?? 100 ?a? 150
a?t?st???a ?a? p?a?µat?p??e? p??s?es? sta
pe??e??µe?? t???. ?? ap?t??esµa ap????e?eta? st??
W. include ltp16f887.incgt Reg1 equ h'20' Reg2 equ
h'21' org h'00' movlw d'100' movwf Reg1
movlw d'100' movwf Reg2 addwf Reg1,w LOOP
goto LOOP end
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?pe????s? ?d????? p??? t?? assembler
include ltp16f887.incgt ????s? a??e??? s?µß??????
???µ?t?? ?ata????t?? e?d???? ???s?? t??
µ????e?e??t?. Reg1 equ h'20' Reg2 equ h'21' ????s
? s?µß?????? ???µ?t?? ?ata????t?? ?e????? ???s??
st?? d?e????se?? t?? µ??µ?? RAM h'20' ?a?
h'21'. org h'00' ?d???a p??? t?? assembler ?a
t?p??et?se? t?? ??d??a p?? a??????e? ap? t? ??s?
µ??µ?? h'00' ?a? µet?. end ?d???a p??? t??
assembler ?t? te?e???e? t? a??e?? p??a??? ??d??a.