Stress%20and%20Health

1

• Chapter 15
• Stress and Health

2
Stress and Health

• Behavioral Medicine
• interdisciplinary field that integrates
  behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that
  knowledge to health and disease
• Health Psychology
• subfield of psychology that provides psychologys
  contribution to behavioral medicine

3
Stress and Illness

• Stress
• the process by which we perceive and respond to
  certain events, called stressors, that we
  appraise as threatening or challenging

4
Stress Appraisal
5
Stress and Illness

• General Adaptation Syndrome
• Selyes concept of the bodys adaptive response
  to stress in three stages

6
Stressful Life Events

• Catastrophic Events
• earthquakes, combat stress, floods
• Life Changes
• death of a loved one, divorce, loss of job,
  promotion
• Daily Hassles
• rush hour traffic, long lines, job stress, burnout

7
Stressful Life Events

• Chronic Stress by Age

8
Perceived Control

• Health consequences of a loss of control

9
Perceived Control

• Equality and Longevity

10
Stress and the Heart

• Coronary Heart Disease
• clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart
  muscle
• leading cause of death in many developed
  countries

11
Stress and the Heart
12
Stress and the Heart

• Type A
• Friedman and Rosenmans term for competitive,
  hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and
  anger-prone people
• Type B
• Friedman and Rosenmans term for easygoing,
  relaxed people

13
Stress and the Heart
14
Stress and Disease

• Psychophysiological Illness
• mind-body illness
• any stress-related physical illness
• some forms of hypertension
• some headaches
• distinct from hypochondriasis-- misinterpreting
  normal physical sensations as symptoms of a
  disease

15
Stress and Disease

• Lymphocytes
• two types of white blood cells that are part of
  the bodys immune system
• B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release
  antibodies that fight bacterial infections
• T lymphocytes form in the thymus and, among other
  duties, attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign
  substances

16
Stress and Disease

• Conditioning of immune suppression

17
Stress and Disease

• Negative emotions and health-related consequences

18
Promoting Health

• Aerobic Exercise
• sustained exercise that increases heart and lung
  fitness

19
Promoting Health

• Biofeedback
• system for electronically recording, amplifying,
  and feeding back information regarding a subtle
  physiological state
• blood pressure
• muscle tension

20
Promoting Health

• Modifying Type A life-style can reduce recurrence
  of heart attacks

21
Promoting Health

• Social support across the life span

22
(No Transcript)
23
Promoting Health

• Predictors of mortality

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
24
Promoting Health

• Religious Attendance

25
Promoting Health

• The religion factor is mulitidimensional

26
Promoting Health

• Complementary and Alternative Medicine
• unproven health care treatments not taught widely
  in medical schools, not used in hospitals, and
  not usually reimbursed by insurance companies

27
(No Transcript)
28
Promoting Health

• Smoking-related early deaths

40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0
29
The Physiological Effects of Nicotine
30
Promoting Health

• Fewer Canadian smokers

31
Smoking Prevention

• U.S. teen smoking

32
Smoking Prevention

• Results of a smoking inoculation program

33
Obesity and Weight Control

• Obesity and body mass index

34
Obesity and Weight Control

• Obesity and mortality

35
Weight Discrimination

• When women applicants were made to look
  overweight, subjects were less willing to hire

36
Weight Control

• Effects of a severe diet

37
Weight Control

• Trading risks

38
Weight Control

• Thinning of Miss America

39
Weight Control

• Most lost weight is regained

40
Weight Control

• Obesity was more common among those who watched
  the most television