The American Colonies Emerge

1
Chapter 2

• The American Colonies Emerge

2
Hernando Cortes

• 1519 Conquered Aztec Empire in Mexico

3
Francisco Pizarro

• 1535 conquered Inca Empire in Peru

4
4 reasons Spanish able to conquer Native American
empires

• 1. Spanish had better weapons
• 2. Aztecs and Incas had never seen fair-skinned
  people or horses
• 3. They thought that they were gods
• 4. Lacked immunity to European diseases

5
Amerigo Vespucci

• 1507 America named after him
• A German mapmaker mistakenly gives him credit for
  discovering the New World

6
Ponce de Leon

• 1513 discovered Florida while searching for the
  Fountain of Youth

7
Balboa

• 1513 discovered the Pacific Ocean
• Called it the South Sea

8
Magellan

• 1521 leader of the first expedition to
  circumnavigate the world
• Gave the world physical proof that the Earth was
  round

9
Coronado

• 1540-1542 discovered the Grand Canyon while
  searching for the Seven Cities of Gold
• Explored the Southwest (United States)

10
Hernando de Soto

• 1539 began an exploration of the southeastern
  section of the United States
• Discovered the Mississippi River

11
St. Augustine

• 1565 present day Florida
• Settled by the Spanish
• First permanent European settlement in the
  Americas
• Purpose protect Spanish trade at sea

12
Pueblo Revolt of 1680

• Revolt by the Pueblo people against the Spanish
  in New Mexico
• Leader was Pope

13
English exploration of New World

• Interested in settlement
• Many desired religious and political freedom

14
John Cabot

• Italian navigator who sailed for King Henry VII
  of England
• Opened the way for English claims to the New World

15
Henry Hudson

• Founded Greenland
• Discovered the Hudson River

16
Sir Francis Drake

• Most famous English sea dog
• Pirate who stole Spanish treasures
• First British explorer to circumnavigate the world

17
Sir Walter Raleigh

• Tried to start a colony off the coast of North
  Carolina known as Roanoke Island
• All settlers vanished
• Called Lost Colony

18
Jamestown

• 1607 established by the English
• Main interest was to find gold
• First Permanent English settlement
• Established by the London Company
• joint-stock company chartered by the King

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Joint-Stock Company

• Group of investors who share in the colonys
  profits and losses

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John Smith

• Leading figure of Jamestown
• Demanded every colonist work
• 1609 had to return to England

21
Starving Time

• Winter of 1609-1610
• Only 60 of 600 settlers survived in Jamestown

22
Thomas Dale

• Named governor of Virginia
• Helped get the colony back on its feet

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John Rolfe

• 1610 credited for developing the strain of
  tobacco
• Became Virginias staple crop
• Married Pocahontas

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Headright system

• Anyone who paid for their own or anothers
  passage to Virginia received 50 acres of land
• Caused large increase in immigration to Jamestown
• Many landowners imported indentured servants

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Indentured Servant

• Person who agrees to work for another in exchange
  for transportation, food, and shelter
• Term of service 4 to 7 years
• Usually lower class citizens in English society
• Reasons for coming
• Enclosure movement
• Religious and political freedom

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First African Laborers

• Arrived in Jamestown in 1619
• Only about 20
• Brought to Jamestown by the Dutch
• Treated as indentured servants

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Clash with Native Americans

• Bacons Rebellion
• Led by Nathaniel Bacon
• Disagreed with Governor Berkleys policies in
  Jamestown (high taxes,
• Led a rebellion against the Governor Berkley and
  Indians on the frontier
• Seized Jamestown
• Died one month after
• Governor regained control of Jamestown

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2 Reasons Important

• 1. Showed settlers frustrated with a government
  concerned only with the wealthy
• 2. showed poor colonist unwilling to tolerate
  such a government

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Separatists

• Left the Church of England

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Pilgrims

• 1620
• Plymouth, Massachusetts
• Mayflower Compact
• William Bradford leader
• Started the Plymouth Colony 2nd Permanent
  English Colony
• Squanto taught settlers about the Americas
• First Thanksgiving

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Puritans

• Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Leader John Winthrop
• City Upon a Hill

32
Roger Williams

• Disagreed with Puritan Leaders
• Believed that land belonged to Native Americans
• Believed govt officials should not punish
  colonists for religious beliefs
• Fled Massachusetts before arrested and returned
  to England
• Started the colony of Providence (Rhode Island)
• 1636

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Anne Hutchinson

• Different Religious Beliefs than Puritans
• Preached that worshippers did not need the church
  or ministers to interpret the Bible
• Banished in 1638

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Pequot War

• First major conflict in Connecticut in 1637
• Colonists formed an alliance with the
  Narragansett (old enemies of Pequot)
• Set fire to Pequot village
• Massacre of 500-600 Pequot men, women, and
  children

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King Phillips War

• Led by King Phillip or Metacom
• 1675
• Final attempt to push the English out
• Failed because
• Food shortages
• Disease
• Heavy casualties
• Metacom killed

36
Quakers

• William Penn leader
• Founded Pennsylvania
• Philadelphia city of brotherly love

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Types of Colonies

• Royal
• Proprietary
• Joint-Stock
• Penal

38
New England Colonies

• MA, RI, CT, NH
• Puritan
• Shipbuilding and distilling

39
Middle Colonies

• NY, PA, NJ, DE
• mixture
• Farming wheat
• Tread colonies

40
Southern Colonies

• MD, VA, SC, NC, GA
• Anglican
• Farming tobacco, rice, indigo