DNA RNA Protein Trait

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DNA RNA Protein Trait

• Transcription Translation Chapter 10

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Understanding RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Single Stranded
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RNA Nucleotides

• A. Sugar (ribose)
• B. Phosphate Group
• C. Nitrogen Bases (ACGU)

B
A
C
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Rules for Base Pairing in RNA
B.     AdenineUracil (A U)
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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
DNA RNA Protein Trait
1. Transcription
2. Translation
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• Transcription
• In the nucleus
• Makes a copy of DNA into mRNA (messenger RNA)
• Translation
• Happens in ribosome
• Ribosomes are in the cytoplasm and on Rough ER
• Uses instructions on mRNA to make protein

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Transcription DNA to mRNA

• RNA polymerase binds to DNA.
• DNA unwinds and separates.
• Complementary RNA nucleotides are added.
• Lets Watch
• http//vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/transcripti
  on/movie.htm

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Translation mRNA to protein

• Happens in the ribosome in the cytoplasm
• Uses instructions on mRNA to make a protein
• mRNA codes for an amino acid and tRNA delivers it
  

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The Triplet Code Codon Chart

• mRNA is read in sets of three nucleotides called
  CODONS. Example AAG
• Each codon codes for an amino acid. Example
  Lysine
• The codons on mRNA give the order of amino acids
  to make a protein.

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Transfer RNA tRNA

• Codon
• 3 nucleotides on mRNA
• Anti-codon
• 3 nucleotides on tRNA
• Complementary to the codon
• tRNA has anticodon on one side and amino acid on
  other

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• tRNA anticodon binds to codon on mRNA and
  attaches correct amino acid to the growing
  polypeptide chain.

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Translation Begins with

• Start codon Met

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Translation Ends with

• Stop codonUAG, UAA, or UGA

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Lets watch Translation
http//vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/translation
/movie.htm
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Ribosome Structure

• made of rRNA
• 2 sub-units

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Point Mutation one nucleotide is changed