DNA Review Questions

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DNA Review Questions
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DNA Structure Questions
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Question 1

• What does A stand for?
• Adenine

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Question 2

• What three things make up a nucleotide?
• 1 sugar, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogen base

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Question 3

• Who is credited with the discovery of the shape
  of DNA?
• Watson and Crick

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Question 4

• What is the basic structure of DNA called?
  Hint-twisted ladder
• Double helix

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Question 5

• Complete the following diagram using the
  base-pairing rule
• GTCGAC
• CAGCTG

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Question 6

• What does C stand for?
• Cytosine

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Question 7

• What does DNA stand for?
• Deoxyribose nucleic acid

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Question 8

• Are there any two people who have exactly the
  same DNA?
• Yes, identical twins

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Question 9

• Why is DNA sometimes called the fingerprint
  inside your body?
• Because no two peoples DNA is the same (except
  twins) and no two peoples fingerprints are the
  same

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Question 10

• What are the rails of the DNA strand are called?
• Sugar phosphate backbone

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Question 11

• What are the steps of the DNA strand are called?
• Nitogenous Bases

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Question 12

• In a DNA Strand A pairs with ____.
• T (thymine)

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DNA Replication Questions
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Question 13

• Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding a DNA
  strand for replication?
• DNA Helicase

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Question 14

• How does DNA Helicase unzip the strand?
• It breaks the bonds (hydrogen) between the two
  nitrogenous bases

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Question 15

• When does DNA Replication occur during the cell
  cycle?
• S-phase of interphase

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Question 16

• Why is it necessary for DNA Replication to occur?
• I will take either of the following
• To preserve the genetic code between cells
• To prepare for mitosis or meiosis

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Question 17

• In DNA replications, how many new double strands
  are made?
• Two

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Question 18

• DNA Replication follows the Semi-conservative
  model of replication, what does this mean?
• It means that each strand is made up of one old
  strand (parent) and one new strand (daughter)

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Question 19

• In DNA Replication, which enzyme is responsible
  for laying down the complement bases?
• DNA Polymerase

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Question 20

• Write the DNA Replication Complement do this
  strand.
• ATCGCCGATC
• TAGCGGCTAG

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Transcription
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Question 21

• What are the three types of RNA?
• mRNA , tRNA, rRNA

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Question 22

• What does tRNA stand for?
• Transfer RNA

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Question 23

• What does mRNA stand for?
• Messenger RNA

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Question 24

• What does rRNA stand for?
• Ribosomal RNA

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Question 25

• Where does transcription take place in the cell?
• In the nucleus

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Question 26

• In transcription, which enzyme is responsible for
  laying down complimentary bases to the parent
  strand?
• RNA Polymerase

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Question 27

• Illustrate the central dogma
• DNA? RNA? Proteins? traits

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Question 28

• In RNA, A pairs with ____
• U (Uracil)

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Question 29

• In transcription, G pairs with ___
• C

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Question 30

• What are the two products of one round of
  transcription?
• On strand DNA, one strand RNA

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Question 31

• What is the name of the sugar found in RNA?
• Ribose

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Question 32

• Is RNA double or single-stranded?
• Single Stranded

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Translation
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Question 33

• What is made as a result of translation?
• Proteins

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Question 34

• How many bases make up a codon?
• 3

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Question 35

• Strands of _____ _______ make up proteins.
• Amino Acids

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Question 36

• How many codons does the following tRNA strand
  have?
• AUGCCGGGCUUAGCGUGA

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Question 37

• What three bases make up a start codon?
• AUG (needs to be in this order)

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Question 38

• Name all three stop codons.
• UAG, UAA, UGA

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Question 39

• In translation protein is made from an _____
  template
• RNA

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Question 40

• Where does translation occur in the cell?
• Cytoplasm

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Bonus Question- Worth 30 pts.

• Use the following to decode the tRNA strand.
• AUGGGCCUGUGA
• Met-Gly-Leu-Stop