The Crisis of Diplomacy

1
The Crisis of Diplomacy

• Crisis at the Top, Challenge from Below

2
Traditional Diplomacy

• Diplomacy has traditionally been an affair of
  nation states.
• interaction - negotiation between countries
• carried out by professional or appointed
  specialists
• day to day conflicts, or joint problem solving
• summit meetings, treaties, declarations of war,
  etc
• In colonial era Pax Brittanica vs German empire
• In post-WWII Pax Americana vs Soviets, allies

3
Diplomacy in Keynesian State - I

• Central role of nationstate in intl adjustment
  reinforced role of diplomacy in negotiating
  distribution of adjustment
• E.g., how much a govt in a country running a
  trade deficit should slow the economy, vs
• How much a govt in a country running a trade
  surplus should stimulate their economy
• E.g., US vs Germany
• E.g., Negotiation of GATT, etc.

4
Diplomacy in Keynesian State - II

• Cold War US vs USSR, Bloc vs Bloc
• Bilateralism
• Foreign aid,
• Military intervention, e.g., Vietnam
• Multilateralism
• Public
• United Nations, OECD, EC, World Court
• Military action Korean War
• Private
• Institute for Pacific Relations
• Bilderberger Group
• Trilateral Commission

5
Foreign Policy Making

• Central role of nation state has meant necessity
  in each country for specialized experts in
  foreign affairs, professional elite of
  specialized experts
• e.g., in Europe independent of regime
• e.g., in US different teams for different
  Presidents
• Prior to after WWII in US
• A foreign policy establishment
• self-reproducing elite
• without within govt, moves from one to other

6
The Old Establishment - I

• Readings
• Domhoff How the foreign policy elite make FP
• Hodgson The Establishment
• Hughes The Twilight of the Establishment
• Structure
• Private corporate, gatherings (CFR), institutes
  (foundations, etc.)
• Public Executive (President, NSC, State Dept)
• Pyrimidal decision makers at top, data gatherers
  at bottom, sifters sorters in between
• Top defines problems, sets framework limits
  spectrum of options (e.g., communism has to be
  contained, question is how)

7
The Old Establishment - II

• Character of members
• originally from upper class, intl business
• common education cultural background
• self-selecting, self-reproducing, bipartisan
• Common Tendencies (from Hodgson)
• Policy internationalism (against isolationism)
• Aspiration moral political leadership of world
• Instinct for the center
• Technique work out of public eye, behind closed
  doors
• Basic Goal Globalization of Western capitalism
• Globalization of Keynesian State

8
Crisis of the Establishment

• Crisis in US came with Vietnam War
• Establishment had had consensus (with a few
  exceptions) since 1952 NSC Memo on US Policy
  Kennans X article
• Grass roots resistance, both in Vietnam within
  the US changed balance of costs benefits
• Resistance raised costs tremendously
• Benefits from future investment trade receded
• Establishment split over changing policy

9
Hodgsons Chronology

• 1965 (after Tonkin) Acheson Cutler proposals
  for settlement (rejected)
• 1968 (after Tet) gathering of elitevoted against
  current policy
• 1970 (after invasion of Cambodia) establishment
  tries to talk to Kissinger, snubbed they spoke
  out in public
• 1971 (after Mansfield Amendment) elite backed
  commitment
• 1971 Bundy critiqued for not recognizing errors
• 1971 Ellsberg releases Pentagon Papers, reveals
  lies

10
Consequences

• Alienation of young from socialization into elite
• Decline in popular respect for wisdom of elite
• Widespread perception of govt lying to the people
• Deligitimazation of Elite, of Presidency
• Hughes attributes all this to
• spread of education
• spread of public knowledge via media
• Feeds anti-internationalism

11
Masters of War

• (1963)
• Come you masters of war
• You that built the big guns
• You that build the death pllanes
• You that build all the big bombs
• You that hide behind walls
• You that hide behind desks
• I just want you to know
• I can see through your masks

12

• You that never done nothin'
• But build to destroy
• You play with my world
• Like its your little toy
• You put a gun in my hand
• And you hide from my eyes
• And you turn and run farther
• When the fast bullets fly

13

• Like Judas of old
• You lie and deceive
• A world war can be won
• You want me to believe
• But I see through your eyes
• And I see through your brain
• Like I see through the water
• That runs down my drain

14

• You fasten all the triggers
• For the others to fire
• Then you set back and watch
• When the death count gets higher
• You hide in your mansion
• As young people's blood
• Flows out of their bodies
• And is buried in the mud

15

• You've thrown the worst fear
• That can ever be hurled
• Fear to bring children
• Into the world
• For threatenin' my baby
• Unborn and unnamed
• You ain't worth the blood
• That runs in your veins

16

• How much do I know
• To talk out of turn
• You might say that I'm young
• But there's one thing I know
• Though I'm younger than you
• Even Jesus would never
• Forgive what you do

17

• You might say I'm unlearned
• Let me ask you one question
• Is your money that good
• Will it buy you forgiveness
• Do you think that it could
• I think you will find
• When your death takes its toll
• All the money you made
• Will never buy back your soul

18

• And I hope that you die
• And your death'll come soon
• I'll follow your casket
• On a pale afternoon
• And I'll watch while you're lowered
• Down to your death bed
• And I'll stand o'er your grave
• Till I'm sure that you're dead.

19

• Bob Dylan,
• The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan,
• Columbia Records, 1963
• (CS 8786)

20
I Ain't Marchin' Anymore

• (1965)
• Oh, I marched to the battle of New Orleans
• At the end of the early British Wars
• The young land started growin'
• The young blood started flowin'
• But I ain't a marchin' anymore.

21

• For I killed my share of injuns
• In a thousand different fights
• I was there at the Little Big Horn
• I heard many men a lyin'
• I saw many more a dyin'
• But I ain't a marchin' anymore.

22

• It's always the old
• Who lead us to the wars
• Always the young to fall
• Now look at all we won
• With the saber and the gun
• Tell me is it worth it all?

23

• For I stole California
• From the Mexican land
• Fought in the bloody civil war
• Yes, I even killed my brothers
• And too many others,
• But I ain't a marchin' anymore.

24

• For I marched to the battles of the German trench
• In a war that was bound to end all wars
• Oh I musta killed a million men
• And now they want me back again,
• But I ain't marchin' anymore.

25

• It's always the old
• Who lead us to the wars
• Always the young to fall
• Now look at all we won
• With the saber and the gun
• Tell me is it worth it all?

26

• For I flew the final mission
• In the Japanese skies
• Set off the mighty mushroom roar
• When I saw the cities burnin'
• I knew that I was learnin'
• That I ain't a marchin' anymore.

27

• Now the labor leaders' screamin'
• When they close the missile plants
• United Fruit screams at the Cuban shore
• Call it peace, or call it treason
• Call it love, or call it reason,
• But I ain't a marchin' anymore,
• No, I ain't a marchin' anymore.

28

• Phil Ochs,
• There but for Fortune,
• Electra/Asylum Records, 1989
• (960832-2)

29
Kissinger - Establishment Split

• Kissinger the establishment man went his own way,
  cut ties, functional links with establish.
• Lone Ranger foreign policy
• Content critiquedby splinters
• Style critiqued by George Ball others
• Alienated foreign allies
• Vietnam
• China
• Ending of Bretton Woods

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