War for Independence

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War for Independence

• CH 2.2

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Toward Separation

• Olive Branch Petition Rejected.
• Some leaders want independence.
• Most still hope for reconciliation.

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Thomas Paine
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Thomas Paine

• Common Sense
• Independence good
• Cast off all kings
• Form a republic
• In a republic citizens have the highest power
  choose reps. To act for them.

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America Divided

• Loyalists want to remain loyal to the king.
• Patriots
• Independence
• hope military aid France
• new markets for goods.

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Enlightenment Thinker

• John Locke Life, Liberty, Property

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Declaration of Independence

• Purpose
• Justify cause
• State independence
• Express new nations principles
• Jefferson principle writer.
• Influenced by John Locke other Euro thinkers.

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D of I

• Basic Rights
• Cant be taken away by govts.
• Govt created by social contract.
• People have right to rebel change govts that
  break the contract.
• Dec. continues w/ list of abuses of power.

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Influence of D of I

• July 4, 1776 adopted
• Liberty a universal right
• One of worlds most important political docs.
• Inspired other revolutions.

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Fighting for Independence

• After D of I no turning back.
• Franklin We must all hang together now, or
  assuredly we shall hang separately.

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Advantages Disadvantages

• England
• Troops
• Navy
• to pay 30,000 mercenaries
• Isolate NE from the South
• Military solution to political problem

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Advantages Disadvantages

• Colonies
• No navy.
• Army lacked experience.
• No for food, guns, clothes, ammo.
• Washington skilled gained support.
• Fighting at home for families.
• Know land
• Shorter supply lines

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Strategy

• England capture cities ports
• Americans not give up

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Carrying of the War

• Washington loses early and often.
• Guerrilla tactics useful.
• War unpopular in England.
• Battle of Trenton most famous
• Battle of Saratoga most important

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Foreign Help
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Valley Forge

• Von Steuben Lafayette join Washington.
• Harsh winter.
• Foreigners bring Discipline Encouragement.
• Tattered army improves by spring.

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War Goes South

• England moves South 1778-1780.
• Charleston captured
• March through South GA, Car., VA.
• US hit by hit-and-run.
• Civil War in NC, SC, GA
• Unable to win loyalty of the people.
• Brit Col. Tarleton brutal

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Toward Victory

• Siege surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown VA.
• Washington, Lafayette, French Navy
• Oct. 18, 1781

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Treaty of Paris 1783

• J. Adams, B. Franklin, J. Jay
• Americans get all land from Atlantic to MS River.
• GB must remove forts from the west.
• Americans get fishing rights in the northeast.
  (Nova Scotia)
• Property returned to loyalists safety.

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Legend vs. Reality

• We united and our great army beat GB
• Truth
• Moral low, rations poor, soldiers unpaid
• Many fight for Brits
• Pacifists dont fight at all
• Eng. suffered from terrible leadership

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War Didnt

• End slavery
• Help women
• Change elite rule

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Slaves

• 1775 Dunmore Proclamation
• 5,000 escape. 100,000 flee, 15,000 go w/ Brit
• Founders hypocrisy
• Slave owners
• Property argument (Locke)
• 1777-1804 all states north of MD abolish it
• Pace slow
• 1776 10,000 free vs. 1810 200,000 free

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Women

• A few fought in war
• Still controlled by husbands
• Republican motherhood education

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Economic Change

• Indentured servitude over
• Paid labor
• Slavery expands in South
• 1793 Whitneys cotton gin

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Revolutionary Ideas

• American Equality
• All men deserve respect
• New state constitutions lowered prop. req.
• Bill for Religious Freedom in VA