Title: American Revolutionary War
1American Revolutionary War
2The American Revolution1775-1783
- The revolutionary war in America is also known as
the American Revolution. It was fought between
Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies. The
result was the formation of a new nation-the
United States of America.
3- Fighting between British soldiers and the
American Patriots began April 19,1775, at
Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. The wars
last major battle was at Yorktown, Virginia
during September and October 1781. Britain
formally recognized America independence with the
signing of the Treaty of Paris on September 3,
1783.
4Events leading to the American Revolution
- Britain was deeply in debt following the French
and Indian war (1754-1763) in which it defended
against the takeover by France. Once the war was
won, Britain began passing laws and taxes to
increase its control over the colonies and regain
some of the money it had spent.
5- By then, Americans had enjoyed a great Amount of
freedom. They especially resented new taxes
without their consent and no representation in
Britains parliament.
6Major issues that angered them were
- The Proclamation of 1763 Englands King George
forbid colonist to settle west of the Appalachian
Mountains. - The Sugar Act of 1764 placed a
- 3 cent penny tax on each gallon of molasses
that entered the colonies from outside the
British Empire.
7- 3. The Stamp Act of 1765 required colonist to
pay for tax stamps on newspapers, and various
legal documents. Parliament abolished the Act in
1766. - 4. The Townshend Acts of 1767 placed a duty on
imported goods including glass, lead, paint, and
paper. Americans responded by not buying British
goods.
8- 5. The Tea Act of 1773 To avoid paying the tea
tax, colonial merchants smuggled tea in from the
Netherlands. In 1773, Parliament passed the Tea
Act, which made it possible for the East India
Company to sell tea below the price of the
smuggled tea. Britain believed that the
colonists would buy the English tea since it was
cheaper.
9BOSTON TEA PARTY
- On December 16, 1773, Samuel Adams led
patriots, disguised as Indians, on a raid of
British ships docked in Bostons harbor. They
dumped the cargoes of tea overboard. This was
later called the Boston Tea Party.
10- 6. The Intolerable Acts of 1774 were Britains
response to the Boston Tea Party. One act closed
Bostons harbor until the colonists paid for the
destroyed tea. Another took away nearly all
power from Massachusetts legislature. Control
of the colony was given to the newly appointed
British governor, General Thomas Gage.
11The First Continental Congress September 5
October 26, 1774
- The First Continental Congress was attended by
representatives from all the colonies except
Georgia. They met in Carpenters Hall in
Philadelphia to protest the Intolerable Acts.
Representatives decided to stop trade with
Britain unless the Acts were abolished. They
also advised colonists to prepare for war. They
agree to meet again in May 1775.
12Colonial Militia and Minutemen
- Britain had large numbers of well trained
militia. Soldiers uniforms included bright red
jackets. The colonists called the soldiers
redcoats.
13- The colonies did not have a central government,
army, or navy. Each colony did have a small
citizen army called the militia. Some members of
the militia were ordinary citizens such as
farmers, craftspeople, and businessmen. They were
prepared to drop everything and become volunteers
at a moments notice. They were called minutemen.
14Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts 1775
- Fighting began in April at Lexington and Concord.
General Gage received secret orders to arrest
Massachusetts troublemakers. Boston patriots
learned about the orders. They fled the city.
Gage found out that Americans had stored arms and
gun powder in the nearby town of Concord. Joseph
Warren, a Boston patriot, discovered Gages plan.
He sent three carriers Paul Revere, William
Dawes, Samuel Prescott to ride and warn the
citizens.
15- Nearly 150 years later, an American poet,
William Wadsworth Longfellow told the story (even
though incorrect historically) of the famous ride
referred to as The midnight ride of Paul
Revere. It was also Samuel Prescott who made the
famous ride with Paul Revere.
16- When the redcoats reached Lexington, seventy
minutemen were waiting. It is not known who fired
first, But eight minutemen were killed and ten
were wounded. Only one British soldier was
injured. The British continued toward Concorde.
Again minutemen met them. Three redcoats and two
patriots were killed. When the British began to
march back to Boston, minutemen fired at the from
behind trees and bushes. About 250 British were
wounded. American losses numbered ninety.
17Fort Ticonderoga, New York 1775
- In May 1775, patriots Ethan Allen along with
his militia Green Mountain Boys and Benedict
Arnold led the siege of Fort Ticonderoga, a
British post in New York. They also captured
nearby Crown Point. These two victories supplied
Americans with much needed artillery.
18- After the ______ and _______ War, Britain was in
great debt. It began passing Laws and taxes to
further - control the ________.
- List six taxes and laws that put more control on
the colonies. - The colonists response to the Intolerable Acts
of 1774 was a dump English ______ into Bostons
Harbor. This event is called the _______ _______
_______.
19- The Second Continental Congress met in ________
in ________. Congress agreed to _______ with
Britain until the ________ were abolished. - The Colonists did not have a central ________.
- Citizens, who were ready to bear arms at a
moments notice were called ________.
20- These volunteer soldiers had their first
encounter with the British on ______ at ________
and _______, Massachusetts. - Townspeople were warned that the British were
coming by ______,_______, and _________. - This famous story has been told in a poem by
_________. - The Americans had another early victory when they
captured the English Post - Fort __________.
21The Second Continental Congress May 1775
- At first, few delegates wanted to break ties with
Britain. However, King George continued to
ignore the colonists petitions. He closed all
American ports to overseas trade. Support for
American independence continued to grow. Even
so, it is important to note that 20 to as many
as one-third of the colonists remained loyal to
Britain.
22- They called themselves Loyalists. The patriots
called them Tories. More than one-third of the
colonists didnt care one way or the other. The
war depended upon the patriots who numbered less
than one-third of the population. - In Philadelphia, on June 14, 1775, Congress
established the Continental Army. On June 15,
Virginias George Washington was made the armys
Commander in Chief.
23- Congress soon appointed 13 additional
generals. Fighting continued while Congress
faced the major tasks of recruiting troops and
paying for a war. It had no power to tax. It
soon began to issue currency called Continental
Dollars. They became nearly worthless. Congress
received loans and gifts from wealthy citizens
and from other nations, especially France, the
Netherlands, and Spain. Benjamin Franklin
represented America in France. He played an
important role in obtaining French troops and
warships.
24- The Second Continental Congress met in ____ on
_____. - In June of that year they established the _______
Army. - George Washington was made _______ of the army.
- Congress had little _______to finance its
fighting against the British. - Colonists who wanted freedom were called
________.
25- Colonists who wanted to remain as British
citizens were called ________. - The colonists decided to declare their
independence from the King of ______. - The ______ War is the name given to the fighting
between the Americans and the _________. - During the war who was the King of England?
26The Battle of Bunker Hill 1775
- Both the British and the Americans wanted to
occupy hills overlooking Boston. Americans
fortified Breeds Hill. On July 17, 1775,
British troops, under General Howe, attacked. So
as not to waste powder and shot, Colonial
Prescott ordered Americans not to fire until they
saw the whites of the enemies eyes! Patriots
fought until they ran out of ammunition and had
to flee. This battle is known as the Battle of
Bunker Hill.
27American Expedition to Canada 1775
- Britain had two colonies in Canada that
remained loyal. In fall 1775, Congress ordered
troops to march into Canada to keep British
forces from invading New York. Benedict Arnold
led a force toward Quebec, and Richard Montgomery
led troops toward Montreal. Montgomery was
killed and Arnold wounded. American forces were
forced to retreat in spring of 1776.
28Siege of Boston British Retreat from Boston 1776
- General Washington knew that by fortifying the
high ground around Boston, he could drive the
British from that city. A plan was made to move
the captured Fort Ticonderoga cannons across the
snow-covered Bershire Mountains to Dorchester
Heights.
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30- This began in January and was accomplished by
March 4, 1776. - With cannons looking down on them, General
Howe and his troops left Boston. Nine thousand
British soldiers sailed to Halifax, Canada.
Washington then sent his troops south of New York.
31The Declaration of Independence 1776
- All the events and battles we have read about so
far occurred before the colonies declared their
independence from England. By the summer of
1776, it was clear that there could be no turning
back. The Second Continental Congress appointed
a committee to draft a document declaring the
colonies to be free and independent states.
32- Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of
Independence and it is one of the best political
documents ever written. On July 4, 1776,
Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence.
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34- June 1776, Congress called for the colonies to
become _______ states. - The Declaration of Independence was adopted on
___________. - The main author of the Declaration of
Independence was ________________.
35Howes Return from Canada
- Just days before the signing of the Declaration
of Independence, Howe returned from Halifax.
With new reinforcements, he quickly drove
patriots out of Brooklyn heights and New York
City. Nathan Hale, a patriot and young
Connecticut schoolteacher, was spying behind
enemy lines. He was caught and hanged. He is
last words were, I regret I have but one life to
lose for my country.
36Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey 1776
- After losing New York City, in the Siege of Long
Island, Washingtons troops withdrew to New
Jersey. General Cornwallis attacked them. They
escaped across the Delaware River to Pennsylvania
on December 7, 1776. Trenton, New Jersey also
located across the river was occupied by German
Hessian soldiers whom the British had hired.
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38- Washington quietly crossed the Delaware on
Christmas night. Early on December 26 he
attacked the sleeping Hessians, and took 900
prisoners at Trenton - Cornwallis marched toward Trenton. Washingtons
troops secretly slipped past the British and
attacked on January 3 at Princeton. The
Americans were victorious. Washington then
moved his troops to winter headquarters in
Morristown, New York.
39- After losing New York in the Siege of Long
Island, Washington withdrew to ____________. - General __________ attacked the Americans, and
they escaped across the ___________River to
_____________ on December 7, 1776. - On Christmas night, Washington secretly crossed
the ________ and attacked the soldiers early
December 26. - On January 3, 1777 Washington was victorious at
__________________.
40Brandywine Creek and Germantown, Pennsylvania
- The two armies clashed again on September 11,
1777, at Brandywine Creek in southern
Pennsylvania. British forces were victorious and
occupied Philadelphia. The Continental Congress
fled to Baltimore. On October 4, 1777,
Washington struck back at Germantown. Again the
Americans had to retreat.
41Saratoga, New York 1777
- In July 1777, British General John Borgoyne led
troops toward New York from Canada. As Burgoyne
moved south, patriots destroyed bridges, and cut
down trees to block his advance. From behind
trees and bushes, riflemen shot the redcoats.
Burgoyne made one last attempt to break through
American lines but it was to late.
42- The patriots surrounded him at Saratoga. On
October 17, he surrended to the American Army.
The Battle of Saratoga, New York, was the turning
point of the war. The Americans captured the
whole army of General Burgoyne. The Americans
took supplies, arms, and nearly 6,000 prisoners.
After the great victory at Saratoga, France
decided to enter the war on the side of the
Americans to fight against the British.
43Saratoga, New York 1777
44- The turning point of the war was at the Battle of
__________ in New York on ________. - This American victory convinced __________ to
enter the war on the side of the Americans. - Name the British General who lost the Battle of
Saratoga. _______________
45Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 1777-1778
- Washington and his army of 10,000 soldiers camped
for the winter of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge,
Pennsylvania. They had very little food,
clothing, or supplies. Nearly one-fourth had
died by spring. Many deserted. A German
soldier, Baron Von Steuben, arrived in February.
He and The Marquis de Lafayette, a French
nobleman soldier, helped to further train the
American troops.
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47- Washingtons Army spend the winter of 1777-1778
at ___________, Pennsylvania. - Soldiers had very little ______or _____.
- Because of the bad winter many ______, and many
___________. - French officer __________, and a German officer
____________ the Americans retrained the
remaining troops.
48Monmouth, New JerseyJune 1778
- British General Clinton left Philadelphia on June
18, 1778 to march across New Jersey to New York.
He was met by the Continental Army near Monmouth
Court house on June 28. The encounter ended in a
draw. Clinton continued to New York this was the
last major Revolutionary War battle in the north.
49Fighting At Sea
- Americans had almost no Navy, but in 1778, John
Paul Jones on board his ship, The Bonhomme
Richard, managed to overtake the British ship
Serapis.
50- Americans had almost no navy. One of its ships
was the _____________. - ______________ defeated the British ship
_______________ off the coast of England in 1778.
51Fighting In the West
- Colonists who crossed the Appalachian Mountains
to settle new lands found themselves fighting
against the British, as well as Indians whom the
British encouraged to fight the colonists. Lt.
Col. George Rogers Clark was sent to strike back.
He seized British forts along the frontier.
52- On the western front Lt. Col. Clark captured a
British Fort on the western side of the
____________ Mountains. - The Americans during the American Revolutionary
War fought the British and the __________ on the
western front.
53Fighting In the South
- After France entered the war, Britain
concentrated on conquering southern colonies. In
1778 the British easily captured the port of
Savannah, Georgia. Within months Britain
controlled all of Georgia. They moved on to take
Charleston, South Carolina, in 1780.
54Yorktown, VirginiaSept. Oct. 1781
- The last major battle of the war was fought at
Yorktown. French and American forces caused
Cornwallis a major defeat. Eight thousand
British soldiers surrendered on October 16, 1781.
Fighting dragged on in some areas for two more
years. Britain suffered great financial losses,
and was afraid of losing other parts of its
empire. It began peace talks in 1782.
55- The last major battle of the war was at
______________. - Together the _________ and the ________ troops
caused the British a defeat. - Who was in command of the British forces at the
battle of Yorktown?_____ - On what date did the British surrender to the
Americans? ________ - Who was in command of the American forces at the
end of the war? ________
56The Treaty of Paris 1783
- Peace talks began in Paris in 1782. Richard
Oswald, a wealthy British merchant, represented
Britain. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John
Jay represented the new United States. A treaty
was agreed upon on November 30, 1783. The Treaty
recognized the independence of the new nation and
established its borders from the Atlantic Ocean
to the Mississippi River north to Canada and
south to Florida
57Benjamin Franklin and John Adams
58- Americans also gained fishing rights off the
coast of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. Britain
gave Florida to Spain in the Treaty of
Versailles. - Nearly 26,000 Americans lost their lives from
battle and disease in the American Revolution.
British loses totaled about 10,000.
59- Where did the peace talks take place at the end
of the war? ___________ - What was the name of the Treaty that ended the
Revolutionary War? __________________ - After the Revolutionary War the 13 Colonies
became known as the _________________. - When was the Peace Treaty signed?
__________________
60- 5. The Revolutionary War lasted from _________
to ____________. - The colonist won their freedom from _______ at
the end of the Revolutionary War. - Name the new borders of the united States because
of the Peace Treaty in 1783. _______________ - What other Country got land from the Peace Treaty
of 1783? _________
61- Put these sentences in the correct order.
- English colonists settled in Jamestown.
- European explore the Americas.
- The French and Indian War ends.
- The colonies become a free country.
- The Revolutionary War begins.
- Only Indians live in North America.