?????????????????????? (Computer Architecture) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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?????????????????????? (Computer Architecture)

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(Computer Architecture) * – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ?????????????????????? (Computer Architecture)


1
?????????????????????? (Computer Architecture)
2
????? 4????????? (Instruction Sets)
3
????????? (Instruction Sets)
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????????
    ALU
  • ?????????? ? ?????????????????? ALU
    ?????????????????????????????? (Machine
    Instructions Sets)
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????? ????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????? ?????????????????????
    ?????????????? ALU ???????????????????????????????
    ????

4
?????????????????????????
  • ????????? (Instruction Sets) ?????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????
    (machine instructions) ???? ?????????????????
    (computer instructions) ????? ????????????????????
    ?????????????????????????????? ????
    ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
    ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????

5
?????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????? ???????????????????
    ?????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????? ???? ???? C Pascal
    ???? Ada ???????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????? (compile)
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????????????

6
???????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????? 2
    ???????????????????????????????????????????????
    (fetches) ????????????????????? 1 ??????
    ???????????????????????? (execute) ?????????????

7
???????????
??????????????????????
8
???????????
  • Instruction Address Calculation (IAC)
  • Instruction Fetch (IF)
  • Instruction Operation Decoding (IOD)
  • Operand Address Calculation (OAC)
  • Operation Fetch (OF)
  • Data Operation (DO)
  • Operand Store (OS)

9
???????????????????????
  • Operation code ????????????????????????? (????
    ADD, I/O) ??????????????????????????????????
    ???????? operation code ???? opcode
  • Source operand reference ???????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????
  • Result operand reference ???????????????????????
    ???????
  • Next instruction reference ?????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????

10
????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????
  • Data processing ???????????????????????????
  • Data storage ???????????????????????
  • Data movement ??????????????????/????????
  • Control ?????????????????????????????????????

11
?????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???? ?????????????????????

12
?????????????
One-address
Two-address
13
?????????????
Three-address
Zero-address
14
??????????????????
?????????????????????????
  • Operation repertoire ???????????????????????????
    ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????
  • Data type ??????????????????????????????????????
    ???????
  • Instruction format ???????????????? (???????)
    ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?
  • Register ???????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????
  • Addressing ?????????????????????????????????????
    ??

15
????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????? ? ??????
  • ????????????????????????????????? (Data transfer)
  • ??????????????????????????? (Arithmetic)
  • ?????????????????????? (Logical)
  • ??????????????????????????? (Conversion)
  • ????????????????????????????/???????? (I/O)
  • ?????????????????????????????? (System control)

16
????????????????
???????????????????????????
  • ????????
  • ??????
  • ??????????
  • ???????????

17
??????????????? Pentium
  • General
  • Integer
  • Ordinal
  • Unpacked binary coded decimal (BCD)
  • Packed BCD
  • Near pointer
  • Bit field
  • Byte string
  • Floating point

18
???????????????????????? Pentium
19
??????????????? PowerPC
  • Unsigned byte
  • Unsigned Halfword
  • Signed Halfword
  • Unsigned Word
  • Signed Word
  • Unsigned Doubleword
  • Byte String

20
????????????
  • ?????????????
  • ????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ?????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????

21
???????????????????????????
  • Little Endian
  • Big Endian

?????? ??? 89ABCDEF
(?) ????????????? Little Endian (?) ?????????????
Big Endian
22
???????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????? (Immediate
    Addressing)
  • ?????????????????????? (Direct Addressing)
  • ??????????????????????? (Indirect Addressing)
  • ???????????????????????????????????? (Register
    Direct Addressing)
  • ????????????????????????????????????? (Register
    Indirect Addressing)
  • ????????????????????????? (Displacement ????
    Indexed Addressing)
  • ??????????????????????????? (Relative Addressing)
  • ??????????? (Stack)

23
Immediate Addressing
LOAD X, 1000 ????????????????? 1000 ????????????
X
24
Direct Addressing
LOAD X, 1000 ????????????????????????????
1000 ???????????? X (?????????????? 1000
????? 10 ??????? X ?????????????? 10)
25
Indirect Addressing
LOAD X, (1000) ???????????????????????????????????
???????????????????? 1000 (?????????????? 1000
????? 1002 ??????????????????????????????????????
1002 ??????????? 20 ??????? X ?????????????? 20)
26
Register Direct Addressing
LOAD X, R1 ?????????????????????????????? R1
???????????? X (???????????????? R1 ????? 30
??????? X ?????????????? 30)
27
Register Indirect Addressing
LOAD X, (R1) ?????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????? R1 ???????????? X
(???????????????? R1 ??????? 1001 ??????????????
1001 ??????????????????? 40 ??????? X
?????????????? 40)
28
Displacement ???? Indexed Addressing
LOAD X, (R1)Constant ????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?? ???????????? X (???????????????????? 1000,
??????????????? 2 ????????????????? 1002
???????????? 20 ?????????? X ????????? 20)
29
Relative Addressing
LOAD X, PCConstant ??????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????? ???????????? X (?????????????????????????
1000, ??????????????? 1 ????????????????? 1001
???????????? 40 ?????????? X ????????? 40)
30
Stack
LOAD X, Stack ????????????????????????????????????
????????????? X (?????????????????????????????????
? 1000 ??? X ?????????????? 1000 ???????)
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