Unit 8: Physiology

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Unit 8 Physiology
Left Side Pg Right Side Pg
Unit Page 48 Table of Contents 49
Neuron/Synapse 50 C.N. Control Systems 51
Homeostasis 52 Section 35-2 53
Flow Map Blood Glucose 54 Flow Map Leptin Hunger 55
Tree Map Body Maintenance Systems 56 C.N. Body Maintenance Systems 57
Word Bank Control Systems 58 Word Bank Maintenance Systems 59
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Body Maintenance Systems

• Circulatory
• Respiratory
• Digestive

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Body Maintenance Systems

• Body maintenance systems have complementary
  activities to provide cells with oxygen and
  nutrients and remove toxic waste and carbon
  dioxide
• Together, they work to maintain homeostasis.
• I. Circulatory System
• II. Respiratory System
• III. Digestive System

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Cellular Respiration use glucose O2 C6H12O6
6 O2 ? 6 CO2 6 H2O ATP energy glucose
oxygen ? Carbon dioxide water energy Happens
in the MITOCHONDRIA
3 Steps of Respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs
Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
MITOCHONDRIA
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I. Circulatory System

• FUNCTION Transportation and delivery system
  that
• 1) Delivers O2 nutrients to cells
• 2) Removes CO2 wastes from cells
• ORGANS heart, blood vessels, blood

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• Heart 4 chambered muscle that beats constantly
  to pump blood through vessels
• Atrium upper chambers that receive blood
  returning from body and lungs
• Ventricles lower chambers that pump blood to
  body and lungs
• Right side
• deoxygenated blood
• Left side
• Oxygenated blood

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• Blood Vessels
• Arteries carry blood away from heart to body or
  lungs
• Veins carry blood to the heart from the body or
  lungs
• Capillaries tiny blood vessels where nutrients
  and gases are exchanged between blood and cells

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• Blood
• Transports and exchanges oxygen, carbon dioxide,
  nutrients, and waste

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II. Respiratory System

• FUNCTION Respiration
• Respiration breathing O2 in and CO2 out
• Occurs between the
• 1. Environment lungs (breathing)
• 2. Cells the blood in capillaries (cellular
  respiration)
• ORGANS nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
  lungs, alveoli

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• The Path of O2
• 1) Nose/Mouth - air enters body
• 2) Pharynx - passageway for food air
• 3) Larynx - vocal chords
• 4) Trachea - windpipe (rings prevent collapse)

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• 5) Bronchi (2) - take air to each lung
• 6) Alveoli - small air sacs surrounded by
  capillaries where O2 is exchanged for CO2

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III. Digestive System

• FUNCTIONS
• 1. Digestion the breakdown of food into simple
  molecules
• 2. Absorption nutrients in the digestive tract
  move into the blood
• 3. Elimination getting rid of wastes
• ORGANS mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver,
  pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

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• The Path of Food
• 1. Mouth
• Teeth and saliva digest food mechanically and
  chemically

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• 2. Esophagus
• Food tube squeezes food by peristalsis

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• 3. Stomach
• Muscle that mixes food with acid and enzymes

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• 4. Small Intestine
• Chemical digestion occurs and nutrients are
  absorbed into blood (circulatory system)

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• Pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into small
  intestine and insulin to control blood glucose
  levels
• Liver stores sugars as glycogen and secretes
  bile, stored in gall bladder

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• 5. Large Intestine
• Water is reabsorbed from waste
• 6. Rectum
• Waste collects here to be passed out of anus

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Review
Cellular Respiration glucose oxygen ? Carbon
dioxide water ATP energy Digestive
Respiratory Respiratory body
cells
Circulatory Circulatory Circulatory